Nerves

Question 1

Somatic vs autonomic nervous system -

Answer 1

The somatic nervous system consists of nerves that go to the skin and muscles and is involved in conscious activities. The autonomic nervous system consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the visceral organs such as the heart, stomach, and intestines.

Question 2

Autonomic nervous system made up of -

Answer 2

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

Question 3

Parasympathetic -

Answer 3

rest and digest, long pre synaptic short post synaptic signaling, ganglia neer affectors, pre ganglionic synaps Acetocholene (Ach), post ganglionic synaps also Ach

Question 4

Sympathetic-

Answer 4

fight of flight, short pre synaptic long post synaptic signaling, ganglia neer spinal cord, pre ganglionic synaps Acetocholene (Ach), post ganglionic synaps norepanefren

Question 5

Norepanefrin -

Answer 5

Norepanefrin - affects smooth muscle and downregulates things like blood follow to digestion when used as a hormone while upregulation blood flow to musels. Becuse diffrent parts of the bodys smoth muchse has diffrent types of receptors

Question 6

Nicotinic receptors -

Answer 6

regulate skeletal muscle/ sympathetic responses

Question 7

Muscerinic receptors -

Answer 7

regulate parasympathetic responses

Question 8

Sensory Neurons -

Answer 8

sensory Neurons send sensory signals from sensory organs to the central nervous system.

Question 9

Motor Neurons -

Answer 9

Motor Nerves send motor commands from the central nervous system to the sensory organs to initiate actions.

Question 10

Axonic vs dendritic -

Answer 10

Axons are pre-synaptic while dendrites, are post-synaptic compartments and generally contain essentially neurotransmitter receptors.

Question 11

Types of Injury to nurons -

Answer 11

Neuronopathy - cell death via destruction of cell proceses caused by Methylmercury and MPTP

Axonopathy - cell death becuse of distruction along the axon caused by Hexane which causes cross-linking of microfilaments (protien cross links) wich block the axson so it dyes back. Also cused by Organophosphorous Esters but different mechanism. Unsure of mechanism?

Myelinopathy -cell death/lose of function becuse of los of mylin. **remyelination readily occurs in PNS, but not CNS.
Colchicine - medication that apparently decreases mylin
Lead cuses this particularly in children

Transmission toxicity - caused chemicals that inhibit transition.

Question 12

Atropine -

Answer 12

is an antimuscarinic that works through competitive inhibition of postganglionic acetylcholine receptors, which leads to parasympathetic inhibition of the acetylcholine receptors in smooth muscle. blocks receptors so you get opposite of SLUD

Question 13

Nicotine -

Answer 13

• structural mimics acetocholine binds specific receptor subtypes like presynayptic ganglia for the sympathetic system

Question 14

SLUD-

Answer 14

Salivation Lacrimation (crying) Urination, Defication (functions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 15

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors:

Answer 15

Sarin; Organophosphate/Carbamate Insecticides

Question 16

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 16

an enzyme that causes rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine

Question 17

Drug therapy to help after Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor exposure.-

Answer 17

Drug therapy to help after Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor exposhure.- Atropine; to compeat with and block receptors and then un binde. If it gets rely bad like starting to see nicotinic affects
Like hart rate starts picking up then give 2-PAM.