Lungs

Question 1

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 1

prevents ventilation and gas exchange (caustic agents, (Ozone, NOx, SOx,)) is a type of hypoxic anemia because its limits the amount of oxygen that can get into the blood.

Question 2

3 regions of the lung -

Answer 2

Nasal Pharangeal -act as filter for particles (collected by diffusion or impaction)
Tracheal/bronchil -Conducting Airways -; produce respiratory tract mucous; ciliated
cells move mucous toward Nasopharnx; Bifurcations act as impaction points for
particles
Alveolar Region -Clara cells; Bronchiolar epithelium (Alveolus)

Question 3

Toxic Inhalants and Gases -

Answer 3

Ozone, NOx (Nitrogen oxides), SOx (Sulfur oxides), (typically irritants the protons on the lungs react with these to become acids (combustion byproducts) Metalic oxides, oxygen ( Oxigen is toxic but of course we need it),

Question 4

Deposition Mechanisms -

Answer 4

Interception
Impaction
Sedimentaion
Diffusion

Question 5

3 Chronic Lung Injuries -

Answer 5

Fibrosis– collagen deposition (imune response) — chromic inflammation (lungs become smaller and stiffer) loss of elasticity, pulminary fibosis (same thing as surosis in the liver)
Emphysema - Lungs become larger and too compliant (loss of surface area;— enlargement of individual alveoli) (mostly associated with smoking) barel chest syndrome,
Cancer — leading cause of death from cancer among men and women; 80-90% of all lung cancers are smoking related; 10-20 times greater risk in smokers

Question 6

2 Airborne Agents Producing Lung Injury -

Answer 6

Asbestos—mesothelioma (only cancer that you ever see with asbestos very direct correlation.)
Silica—silicosis - inflammation but not always cancer, but it does lead to chronic inflammation.

Question 7

2 Bloodborne Agents Producing Lung Injury -

Answer 7

Paraquat - a herbicide that if consumed it causes pulmonary fibrosis
Becomes a big free radical, happens in the type 2 pneumocyte in the lung. Why that location not sure.

Monocrotaline — pyrrolizidine alkaloid - used in tar, to stick things together,
CYP activation- P450 will in oxidize it to a pyrrole which will then attack the endothelial lining of the lung and cause chronic inflammation, used as a model compound to initiate that specific response. Causes Pulmonary hypertension. (a condition of increased blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs.)