Personality

Question 1

id, ego, and superego

Answer 1

• id = pleasure
• ego = reality
• superego = conscious + unconscious

Question 2

Defense Mechanism

Answer 2

something we do to protect ourselves in various life situations

Question 3

Compensation

Answer 3

covering a weakness by overachieving in another area

Question 4

Suppression

Answer 4

conscious, intentional pushing of unpleasantness from one’s mind

Question 5

Denial

Answer 5

is a river in Egypt

Question 6

Displacement

Answer 6

the transfer of negative feelings about someone to someone else

Question 7

Projection

Answer 7

putting (projecting) negative feelings on someone else

Question 8

Rationalization

Answer 8

justifying irrational behavior

Question 9

Reaction Formation

Answer 9

expressing emotions that are the exact opposite of what you feel

Question 10

Regression

Answer 10

using child-like ways of expressing emotions like anger and disappointment

Question 11

Repression

Answer 11

blocking out unpleasant memories unconsciously (unintentionally)

Question 12

Sublimation

Answer 12

redirecting bad or unacceptable behavior into positive behavior

Question 13

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 13

• projective personality test developed by Henry Murray
• involved the presentation of ambiguous pictures of people in various situations
• responses are believed the reflect unconscious needs + conflicts

Question 14

Traits

Answer 14

personal qualities or characteristics that are relatively stable and consistent over time and situations

Question 15

Gordon Allport ☝️🤓

Answer 15

identified more than 18,000 traits

Question 16

Factor Analysis

Answer 16

a mathematical formula that explains how traits relate to one another

Question 17

Five Factor Model (Big 5 Personality Traits)

Answer 17

• Openness to experience
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism

Question 18

Central Traits / Source Traits

Answer 18

easily recognized traits and have a strong influence on personality

Question 19

Secondary Traits / Surface Traits

Answer 19

traits that are more specific to certain situations and have less of an effect on personality
ex: John is a calm person (central trait) except when he plays sports, when he is extremely competitive (secondary trait)

Question 20

Maslow’s Self-Actualization

Answer 20

the ability to realize one’s fullest potential

Question 21

Carl Rogers

Answer 21

argues that all humans are striving toward growth and fulfillment

Question 22

Self Concept

Answer 22

info and beliefs we have about our own nature

Question 23

Real Self

Answer 23

how we see ourselves in the present

Question 24

Ideal Self

Answer 24

who we desire to be

Question 25

Conditional Positive Regard

Answer 25

praise and approval, depends upon the child ex: behaving in a way that the parents think is correct

Question 26

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 26

where parents, significant others (and the humanist therapist) accepts and loves the person for what he/she is

Question 27

Cognitive Theories of Personality

Answer 27

argues that personality and behavior are a reflection of thought processes, beliefs, and expectations

Question 28

Locus of Control

Answer 28

one’s beliefs about the causes and outcomes of events and experiences

Question 29

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 29

people tend to believe their own skills, abilities, and efforts control events

Question 30

External Locus of Control

Answer 30

people who believe outside factors beyond your control effect outcome ex: luck, fate, place blame elsewhere

Question 31

Self-Efficacy

Answer 31

one’s expectations for success (high/low)

Question 32

High Self-Efficacy

Answer 32

implies a person believes they can succeed no matter what circumstance

Question 33

Low Self-Efficacy

Answer 33

implies a person does not believe they can perform well

Question 34

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 34

explains personality using both behavioral and cognitive theories

Question 35

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 35

suggests that the environment influences our thoughts and behavior which in turn influence the environment