cognition Flashcards
Levels of Processing Model of Memory
how different types of judgement influence peoples memory
• the theory is that if people engaged in deeper processing of that information when acquired, they would have better memory of it
Primary Effect
we are more likely to recall items at the beginning of a list
Recency Effect
ability to recall items at the end of the list
Serial Position Effect
together, the primary and recency effect demonstrate that their recall is determined by the order of items on the list
Tip-of-the-tongue-Phenomenon
temporary inability to remember information
ex: this would not come in hand when playing jeopardy
Recovered Memory
when individuals claim to suddenly remember events that they have “repressed” for years, often in the process of therapy
Mood-Congruent Memory
there is a greater likelihood of recalling an item/memory when our mood matched the mood we were in when the event happened
Decay Theory
the gradual disappearance of a memory because the memory has not been thought about, or retrieved, from LTM to STM
(idk) theory
memories are either stored in LTM or STM; they are either DEEPLY (elaborately) processed or SHALLOWLY (or maintenance) processed
3 Box Model of Memory
information processing begins in sensory memory, short term/ working memory, and long term memory (LTM)
- Sensory Memory
holds an exact copy of what you are or hear for 1- 4 seconds
- Short term Memory / Working Memory
holds small amounts of information for brief periods of time
• usually fade after 10 - 30 seconds if we do nothing with them
- Long term Memory
our permanent storage. it’s unlimited.
(episodic, semantic, procedural)
Episodic Memory
memories of specific events, stored in a sequential series of events
Semantic Memory
general knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories rather than sequentially
Procedural Memory
memories of skills and how to perform them
Encoding
the process of getting or putting information into the memory system
Maintenance Rehearsal
mental or verbal repeating of a term, resulting in each time recreated increasing the duration of how long an item is stored in STM
Chunking
grouping items in meaningful chunks like acronyms, freeing up space in STM
• (7 +/- 2) => 5 to 9 chunks
Flashbulb Memories
clear memories of emotionally significant moments of events that are processed in the amygdala, which often ties emotion to this information
Explicit Memories
facts like your address, password, etc
Implicit Memories
implies memories, which means you just know how to do it
ex: walking
Meta Cognition
thinking about thinking 🧠
Concepts
similar to schemata, which are cognitive rules that allow us to categorize and think about objects, people, and ideas we encounter (perception)
ex: the concept of mama is different from the concept of papa
Algorithms
a rule that guarantees the right solution by using a formula or foolproof method. its a step by step solution for mathematics similar to a cooking recipe
