History, Approach, & Research Methods Flashcards
Wilhelm Wundt
• opened first psychology lab
• introspection: feelings inside
John Watson
early behaviorist
• observing behavior
psychology
the science of behavior and mental processes
John Locke
• empiricism: the belief that humans are born with a blank slate and learn only through experience
William James
wrote the first psychology textbook
Humanistic Approach (Hippie Approach)
helps people reach their full potential to a stage called self-actualization
Biological Approach
using the understanding of biology to help people
Evolutionary Approach
Charles Darwin, natural selection, yada yada
Cognitive Approach
how we think + perceive
Social-Cultural Approach
how your environment affects you
Eclectic Approach
using as many approaches as possible
Descriptive Research Methods
yields descriptions rather than explanations
Naturalistic Observation
researchers observe + record subjects in their natural setting
Case Study
researchers observe + record one of a few participants in depth
Survey Method
using interviews and/or questionnaires to gather info
Correlational Research
a statistical method used to examine the relationship between two or more variables
Experimental Method
cause and effect relationship
• only type of research that can explain behavior
Random Sampling
allowing persons within a population to have an equal chance of being selected
Operational Definitions
precise definitions on how each variable will be used in the experiment
Confounding Variables
variables that could affect the outcome of the dependent variable
Placebo
people’s behavior can change if they believe they are being given treatment
