Personality Flashcards
What is a personality trait?
Durable disposition to behave in a particular way across a variety of situations
What is the five factor model?
Most aspects of personality are derived from five crucial traits:
- neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
(OCEAN)
What are the five traits from the five factor model predicative of?
Grades, occupational attainment, divorce, health, mortality
What is a personality?
A persons unique combination of consistent behavioral traits
What do people who score high in extraversion act like?
Outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, gregarious, positive outlook on life, pursue intimacy and relationships
What is someone who scored high on neuroticism like?
Anxious, hostile, self conscious, insecure, vulnerable, impulsive, emotionally unstable
What do people who score high in openness to experience act like?
Curiosity, flexibility, imagination, motivated, interested in new ideas, unconventional attitudes
What do people who score high on agreeability act like?
Sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward, empathy, helpful
What do people who score high in conscientiousness act like?
Diligent, organized, punctual, dependable, self disciplined, can regulate themseves
What are psychodynamic theories?
All the diverse theories descended from the work of signing Freud
Focus on unconscious mental forces
What did Freuds psychoanalytic theory develop out of?
His work with his clients and treating patients
How does psychoanalytic theory attempt to explain personality?
Focusing on the influence be of early childhood experiences, unconscious conflicts, and sexual urges
Why were people uncomfortable with Freuds theory?
Suggested people are not masters of their mind, adult personalities are shaped by things beyond your control, emphasized the importance of how people cope with sexual urges
What is the id?
The primitive, instinctive component of personality, demands instant gratification for its urges
Ex eating sleeping sex
What is the ego?
Decision making component of personality that operates by delaying gratification of the id urges until it is appropriate
What is the superego?
Moral component of personality that I corps Tera social standard about what is right and wrong, good or bad
What does the conscious consist of?
Whatever you are aware of
What does the preconscious contain?
Materials that are just beneath your awareness but can be easily retreived
What does the unconscious contain?
Thoughts, memories, and desires that are far below the surface of conscious awareness but still have an influence on behaviour
What are defense mechanism?
Mostly unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
Usually mental maneuvers that work through through self deception
What is rationalization?
Defense mechanism that involves creating false but plausible excuses to justify behaviour
Ex it’s ok everyone does it
What is repression?
Defense mechanism that involves keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious
What is projection?
Defense mechanism that involves attributing your own thoughts, feelings, and motives onto someone else
What is displacement?
Defense mechanism where you divert emotional feelings from their original source to a substitute target
Usually anger
What is reaction formation?
Defense mechanism that involves behaving in a way that’s it the opposite of how you feel
What is regression?
Defense mechanism where you revert to immature patterns of behaviour
What is identification?
Defense mechanism where you make up a imaginary or real alliance with a person or group to help your self esteem
Young people identifying with celebrites
What is sublimation?
Defense mechanism where unconscious and unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable behaviour
Aggression can turn into being a pro boxer
Healthy defense mechanism
What are the five psychosexual stages?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
What is the age, focus, and important tasks of the oral stage?
0-1, mouth (sucking and biting), weaning from bottle or breast
What is the age, focus, and important tasks of the anal stage?
2-3, anus (expelling or retaining feces), potty training
What is the age, focus, and important tasks of the phallic stage?
4-5, genitals (masturbating), identify with adult role modes, and coping with Oedipal complex
What is the age, focus, and important tasks of the latency stage?
6-12, none (sexually repressed), expanding social contacts
What is the age, focus, and important tasks of the genital stage?
Puberty on, genitals (being sexually intimate), establishing intimate relationships and contributing to society
What did Carl Jung say the two layers on the unconscious are?
Personal unconscious (same as Freud)
Collective unconscious (stores memories inherited from ancestors)
