Development of Psychology

Question 1

What is structuralism?

Answer 1

The idea that the job of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how they are related

Question 2

What did many structuralists work concern?

Answer 2

Sensation and perception of vision, hearing, and touch

Question 3

What did structuralists depend on to examine consciousness?

Answer 3

Introspection

Question 4

What is introspection?

Answer 4

The careful, systematic self-observation of someones own conscious experience

Question 5

What is functionalism?

Answer 5

The belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than the structure

Question 6

What did functionalists want to understand?

Answer 6

The stream of consciousness

Question 7

Structuralist’s gravitated towards the lab, functionalists we’re more interested in?

Answer 7

How people adapted their behavior to the demands of the world around them

Question 8

What did functionalists begin to investigate?

Answer 8

Patterns of development in children, the effectiveness of educational practices, and the behavioral differences between the two sexes

Question 9

What is behaviorism?

Answer 9

The premise that scientific psychology should only study observable behaviour

Question 10

What is behaviour?

Answer 10

Any overt or observable response or activity by an organism

Question 11

What did behaviourists view psychology’s mission as?

Answer 11

To relate overt behaviors called responses to events in the environment called stimuli

Question 12

What did Freud’s approach to psychology come from?

Answer 12

His efforts to treat mental disorders

Question 13

According to Freud, what is the unconscious?

Answer 13

Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that people are not aware of that still have a big influence on behaviour

Question 14

What does psychology study?

Answer 14

Everything from psychological disorders, how people perceive colour, how hunger is regulated by the brain, whether chimpanzees can use language to communicate, how to study, why we procrastinate, what causes bullying, and if gut bacteria can affect your health

Question 15

What did psychology develop from?

Answer 15

Philosophical speculations

Question 16

What was the original subject matter of psychology?

Answer 16

The study of consciousness

Question 17

What did Freud believe psychological disturbances were caused by?

Answer 17

Personal conflicts at the unconscious level

Question 18

What is humanism?

Answer 18

A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth

Question 19

What do humanists believe psychological disturbances are caused by?

Answer 19

Thwarting uniquely human needs (freedom, personal growth)

Question 20

What is humanists greatest contributions to psychology?

Answer 20

Innovative treatments for psychological problems and disorders

Question 21

What is cognition?

Answer 21

The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, invokes thinking and the conscious experience

Question 22

What do cognitive theorists argue?

Answer 22

That psychology must study inter mental events to understand behaviour and focusing on overt behaviour gives an incomplete picture on why people act the way they do

Question 23

What do advocates of behavioral neuroscience believe?

Answer 23

Most of our behaviour can be explained in terms of structures and processes in the brain

Question 24

What is evolutionary psychology?

Answer 24

The belief that patterns of behaviour seen in species are products of evolution

Question 25

What do evolutionary psychologists examine behaviour in terms of?

Answer 25

Their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

Question 26

What is positive psychology?

Answer 26

Use of theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence

Question 27

What does the founder of positive psychology think the field of psychology spends too much time studying?

Answer 27

Pathology, weakness, damage, and ways to heal suffering

Question 28

What are the main areas of interest in positive psychology?

Answer 28

The study of positive experiences, positive individual traits, and positive institutions and communities

Question 29

What are cultural psychologist striving to understand?

Answer 29

The unique experiences of culturally diverse people from the point of view of those people

Question 30

What is clinical psychology?

Answer 30

Branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Question 31

Broad psychology covers a variety of specialities including?

Answer 31

School psychology, industrial/organizational psychology, and counseling psychology

Question 32

What is a more modern definition of psychology?

Answer 32

The science that studies behaviour and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, it is also the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

Question 33

What are the nine research areas in psychology?

Answer 33

Developmental psychology, social psychology, experimental psychology, behavioral neuroscience psychology, cognitive psychology, personality, psycho metrics, educational psychology, and health psychology

Question 34

What is psychiatry?

Answer 34

Branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Question 35

What are the differences between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?

Answer 35

Psychologists go to graduate school and get a doctoral degree and psychiatrists go to medical school where they receive a general education and then specialize by completing a residency program