Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 1

respond to touch, pressure, vibrations

Question 2

Baroreceptors

Answer 2

respond to changes in blood pressure

Question 3

Thermoreceptors

Answer 3

respond to temperature changes

Question 4

Chemoreceptors

Answer 4

respond to molecules tasted and smelled molecules and changes in blood chemistry

Question 5

Photoreceptors

Answer 5

respond to light

Question 6

Nociceptors

Answer 6

respond to harmful stimuli (extreme heat and cold)

Question 7

Cranial nerve I olfactory

Answer 7

-visceral sensory
- sense of smell

Question 8

Cranial nerve II optic

Answer 8

-somatic sensory
-provides vision
-hard to regenerate, outgrowth of forebrain so covered in meninges

Question 9

Cranial nerve III occulomotor

Answer 9

-visceral and somatic motor
-provides eye movement and pupil sphincter

Question 10

Cranial nerve IV trochlear

Answer 10

somatic motor
-moves eye down and out

Question 11

Cranial nerve V trigeminal

Answer 11

-somatic sensory and somatic motor
-face (touch, pain, and temperature), mastication
-largest cranial nerve

Question 12

Cranial nerve VI abducens

Answer 12

-somatic motor
-move eye laterally

Question 13

Cranial nerve VII facial

Answer 13

-somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
-sense of taste, salivary glands, tears, nasal and palatine glands

Question 14

Cranial nerve VIII vestibulocochlear

Answer 14

-somatic sensory
-provides hearing and sense of balance

Question 15

Cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal

Answer 15

• somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
  -control over swallowing, salivation, gagging, control of BP and respiration

Question 16

Cranial nerve X vagus

Answer 16

-somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
-provides swallowing, speech, regulation of 2/3 of GI tract
-only cranial nerve that extends beyond neck

Question 17

Cranial nerve XI accessory

Answer 17

-somatic motor
-contracts upper trap muscles
-arises from both brain and spinal cord

Question 18

Cranial nerve XII hypoglossal

Answer 18

-somatic motor
-tongue movement of speech, food, manipulation of swallowing

Question 19

How many spinal nerves do we have?

Answer 19

31 pairs

Question 20

What are dermatomes? Why are they clinically important?

Answer 20

Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

Can be used to determine the level of spinal injuries, anesthetic injections, and shingles

Question 21

Dorsal branch

Answer 21

innervates deep muscles of the back

Question 22

Ventral branch

Answer 22

innervates different plexuses or thoracic cavity to form intercostal nerves

Question 23

Cervical plexus

Answer 23

contains phrenic nerve that controls diaphragm, from C3-C5

Question 24

Brachial plexus

Answer 24

contains axillary nerve that controls motor function/innervates deltoid and teres minor and sensory (skin)