Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards
Mechanoreceptors
respond to touch, pressure, vibrations
Baroreceptors
respond to changes in blood pressure
Thermoreceptors
respond to temperature changes
Chemoreceptors
respond to molecules tasted and smelled molecules and changes in blood chemistry
Photoreceptors
respond to light
Nociceptors
respond to harmful stimuli (extreme heat and cold)
Cranial nerve I olfactory
-visceral sensory
- sense of smell
Cranial nerve II optic
-somatic sensory
-provides vision
-hard to regenerate, outgrowth of forebrain so covered in meninges
Cranial nerve III occulomotor
-visceral and somatic motor
-provides eye movement and pupil sphincter
Cranial nerve IV trochlear
somatic motor
-moves eye down and out
Cranial nerve V trigeminal
-somatic sensory and somatic motor
-face (touch, pain, and temperature), mastication
-largest cranial nerve
Cranial nerve VI abducens
-somatic motor
-move eye laterally
Cranial nerve VII facial
-somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
-sense of taste, salivary glands, tears, nasal and palatine glands
Cranial nerve VIII vestibulocochlear
-somatic sensory
-provides hearing and sense of balance
Cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal
- somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
-control over swallowing, salivation, gagging, control of BP and respiration
Cranial nerve X vagus
-somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
-provides swallowing, speech, regulation of 2/3 of GI tract
-only cranial nerve that extends beyond neck
Cranial nerve XI accessory
-somatic motor
-contracts upper trap muscles
-arises from both brain and spinal cord
Cranial nerve XII hypoglossal
-somatic motor
-tongue movement of speech, food, manipulation of swallowing
How many spinal nerves do we have?
31 pairs
What are dermatomes? Why are they clinically important?
Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
Can be used to determine the level of spinal injuries, anesthetic injections, and shingles
Dorsal branch
innervates deep muscles of the back
Ventral branch
innervates different plexuses or thoracic cavity to form intercostal nerves
Cervical plexus
contains phrenic nerve that controls diaphragm, from C3-C5
Brachial plexus
contains axillary nerve that controls motor function/innervates deltoid and teres minor and sensory (skin)
