Axial Skeleton Flashcards
function of skull
encloses and protects brain
types of bones in skull
cranial and facial
which cranial bones develop in endochondral (4)
occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal
name the cranial bones
frontal, occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, ethnoid, parietal (2)
name the facial bones
mandible, vomer, maxilla (2), nasal (2), lacrimal (2), zygomatic (2), inferior nasal concha (2), palatine (2)
name the suture joints
coronal, sagittal, squamous, occipitomastoid, lambdoid
which bones make up the hard palate?
maxilla and palatine bone
what is the hole in the occipital bone?
foramen magnum (for spinal cord)
function of paranasal sinuses
-lighten facial bones
-resonance for voice
-cleans & warms air for lungs
name the openings between bones
jugular foramen, foramen lacerum, inferior orbital fissure
what is the hyoid bone?
-doesn’t connect to any other bone, no articulations
-suspended from styloid process
-attachment point for muscles (tongue, larynx, mandible)
name the parts of the vertebrae
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5), coccyx (3-5)
which vertebrae have a split spinous process?
cervical
size of the regions of the vertebrae
-cervical: small
-thoracic: small
-lumbar: large
-sacrum: large
-coccyx: large
which regions of the vertebrae have a transverse foramen?
cervical
which regions of the vertebrae have a costal facet?
thoracic
what’s special about the cervical vertebrae?
C1 is atlas and has no body and C2 is axis
what does the thoracic cavity contain?
heart, lungs, esophagus, distal trachea, major A/V
what are the types of ribs?
-true ribs (1-7): connect to sternum by hyaline cartilage
-false ribs (8-10): shares hyaline cartilage to connect to sternum
-floating ribs (11-12): not connected to sternum
what are extra ribs called?
supernumerary ribs, extra in cervical or lumbar
what are the regions of the sternum?
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
what type of joint connects ribs and vertebrae?
synovial joint
spinal curvatures
-primary curvature: C-shape at birth, thoracic and sacrum
-secondary curvature: cervical and lumbar
spinal abnormalities
-scoliosis
-kyphosis (primary) and lordosis (secondary)
intervertebral discs
-25% of height
-none between C1-C2 or below S1
-herniated (slipped) discs and subluxations are problems
