Axial Skeleton

Question 1

function of skull

Answer 1

encloses and protects brain

Question 2

types of bones in skull

Answer 2

cranial and facial

Question 3

which cranial bones develop in endochondral (4)

Answer 3

occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal

Question 4

name the cranial bones

Answer 4

frontal, occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, ethnoid, parietal (2)

Question 5

name the facial bones

Answer 5

mandible, vomer, maxilla (2), nasal (2), lacrimal (2), zygomatic (2), inferior nasal concha (2), palatine (2)

Question 6

name the suture joints

Answer 6

coronal, sagittal, squamous, occipitomastoid, lambdoid

Question 7

which bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 7

maxilla and palatine bone

Question 8

what is the hole in the occipital bone?

Answer 8

foramen magnum (for spinal cord)

Question 9

function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 9

-lighten facial bones
-resonance for voice
-cleans & warms air for lungs

Question 10

name the openings between bones

Answer 10

jugular foramen, foramen lacerum, inferior orbital fissure

Question 11

what is the hyoid bone?

Answer 11

-doesn’t connect to any other bone, no articulations
-suspended from styloid process
-attachment point for muscles (tongue, larynx, mandible)

Question 12

name the parts of the vertebrae

Answer 12

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5), coccyx (3-5)

Question 13

which vertebrae have a split spinous process?

Answer 13

cervical

Question 14

size of the regions of the vertebrae

Answer 14

-cervical: small
-thoracic: small
-lumbar: large
-sacrum: large
-coccyx: large

Question 15

which regions of the vertebrae have a transverse foramen?

Answer 15

cervical

Question 16

which regions of the vertebrae have a costal facet?

Answer 16

thoracic

Question 17

what’s special about the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 17

C1 is atlas and has no body and C2 is axis

Question 18

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

Answer 18

heart, lungs, esophagus, distal trachea, major A/V

Question 19

what are the types of ribs?

Answer 19

-true ribs (1-7): connect to sternum by hyaline cartilage
-false ribs (8-10): shares hyaline cartilage to connect to sternum
-floating ribs (11-12): not connected to sternum

Question 20

what are extra ribs called?

Answer 20

supernumerary ribs, extra in cervical or lumbar

Question 21

what are the regions of the sternum?

Answer 21

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 22

what type of joint connects ribs and vertebrae?

Answer 22

synovial joint

Question 23

spinal curvatures

Answer 23

-primary curvature: C-shape at birth, thoracic and sacrum
-secondary curvature: cervical and lumbar

Question 24

spinal abnormalities

Answer 24

-scoliosis
-kyphosis (primary) and lordosis (secondary)

Question 25

intervertebral discs

Answer 25

-25% of height
-none between C1-C2 or below S1
-herniated (slipped) discs and subluxations are problems