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BIOL 240 > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general regions of the brain?

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem

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2
Q

What are the specific regions of the brain?

A

Diencephalon: thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus

Brainstem: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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3
Q

dura mater

A

outermost, tough membrane, attaches to bone

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4
Q

arachnoid mater

A

spider web filamentous layer

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5
Q

pia mater

A

thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain

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6
Q

What are ventricles and what is their function?

A

-spaces in the brain
-contains CSF

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7
Q

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Buoyancy, protection, chemical stability

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8
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

CSF cannot circulate and drain properly, leading to brain distortion

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9
Q

In what part(s) of the brain does the cerebrospinal fluid flow inside?

A

-begins in the choroid plexus
-circulates through ventricles to central canal of spinal cord
-to subarachnoid space of cord and brain
-then up to be absorbed by arachnoid villi

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10
Q

Gyri

A

elevated folds

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11
Q

Sulci

A

shallow grooves

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12
Q

Fissures

A

deep grooves

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13
Q

What are the functions of the left hemisphere?

A

speech, verbalization, math, logic

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14
Q

What are the functions of the right hemisphere?

A

visual-spatial skill, intuition, emotion

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15
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

contains voluntary motor for planning, mood, smell, and social judgement

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16
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

integrates sensory in shape, textures, speech

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17
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

optical

18
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

areas for hearing, emotional behavior, learning, memory, smell

19
Q

What is the function of the insula?

A

apparently involved in memory and taste

20
Q

Commissural fibers

A

connecting hemispheres

21
Q

Association fibers

A

connecting different parts of same hemisphere

22
Q

Projection fibers

A

run vertically, ascending fibers carry sensory info and descending fibers carry motor info

23
Q

What are basal nuclei? What are its functions?

A

Basal nuclei are masses of gray matter deep to cerebral cortex

Function: involved in motor control, associated with memory, learning, and Ach

24
Q

What are the functions of gray matter?

A

Involved in motor control

25
Q

Sensory areas

A

conscious awareness of sensation

26
Q

Association areas

A

integrate info

27
Q

Motor areas

A

control voluntary motor function

28
Q

Motor (nonfluent) aphasia

A

-lesion in Broca’s area
-know what they want but can’t say

29
Q

Fluent aphasia

A

-lesion in Wernicke’s area
-words easily spoken but used incorrectly

30
Q

Thalamus

A

located superior to midbrain
-relay station for sensory impulses (except smell) to cerebral cortex

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

-inferior to thalamus
-relay station for smell
-links nerves to endocrine system via pituitary gland
-regulates homeostasis, controls ANS, secretes hormones

32
Q

Epithalamus

A

-contains pineal gland which gets smaller as we age and secretes melatonin that helps regulate circadian rhythms
-in sympathetic division of ANS

33
Q

Midbrain

A

btw diencephalon and pons, mediates visual and auditory reflexes

34
Q

Pons

A

bridge connecting cerebral cortex and cerebellum, relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements

35
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

-heart rate, respiratory rate, adjust blood vessel diameter
-reflexes for coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting, and hiccupping

36
Q

Brainstem

A

-bidirectional passageway for tracts btw cerebrum and spinal cord
-contains cranial nerves
-performs automatic behaviors necessary for survival and integrates audio and visual reflexes

37
Q

what are the functions of the spinal cord?

A

Involved in sensory and motor innervation of body below head

White matter: two way conduction pathway

Gray matter: major center of reflexes

38
Q

How are neurons functionally organized in the spinal cord?

A

Segmented: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

39
Q

What is the organization of gray matter in the spinal cord?

A

divided into posterior horns, anterior horns, lateral horns (only found in thoracic and lumbar regions)

40
Q

What is the organization of white matter in the spinal cord?

A

-three columns of ventral, dorsal, and lateral
-further divided into sensory and motor tracts with ascending, descending, and commissural fibers

41
Q

primary motor cortex

A

precentral gyrus, In front central sulcus, frontal lobe, generate signals for movement of body

42
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

postcentral gyrus, Posterior to central sulcus, in parietal lobe, processing somatosensory input and contributes to integration of sensory and motor signals

BIOL 240 (19 decks)

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