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BIOL 240 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the circulatory system contain?

A

-cardiovascular system
-lymphatic system

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2
Q

functions of circulatory system

A

-transportation: gases, nutrients, metabolic waste, hormones
-regulation: body temperature and pH
-protection: immune system and blood clots

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3
Q

what does the cardiovascular system contain?

A

-blood
-heart
-blood vessels

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4
Q

blood

A

-liquid connective tissue
-contains liquid (plasma) and cells (formed elements)
-The average adult has 5 liters, thicker than water, 1 Celsius warmer than body temperature, body pH 7.35-7.45

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5
Q

formed elements

A

-erythrocytes (44)%
-platelets and white blood cells (1%)

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6
Q

leukocytes

A

-contain nucleus and organelles
-larger than RBC
-neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
-most are found in body tissues, not bloodstream
-Diapedesis: squeezing through capillary walls

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7
Q

erythrocytes

A

-lack nucleus and organelles
-most abundant
-biconcave to increase SA
-in rows called rouleau
-transport CO2 and O2
-contain hemoglobin

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8
Q

platelets

A

-also called thrombocytes
-fragments of megakaryocytes
-help initiate clotting

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9
Q

location of heart

A

mediastinum

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10
Q

systemic circulation

A

blood vessels transport blood from the heart to body tissues

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11
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

blood vessels carry blood to and from lungs

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12
Q

coronary circulation

A

carry oxygen to the heart

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13
Q

right side of heart

A

receives oxygen-poor blood from body and tissues, supplies lungs

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14
Q

left side of heart

A

receives oxygenated blood returning from lungs, supplies body

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15
Q

layers of pericardium

A

-fibrous
-serous: parietal and visceral (epicardium)

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16
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer of serous pericardium

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17
Q

myocardium

A

the muscle myocardium

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18
Q

endocardium

A

lining the chamber, simple squamous epithelium

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19
Q

interatrial septum

A

divides atria

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20
Q

interventricular septum

A

divides ventricles

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21
Q

what supplies the right atrium?

A

-superior vena cava
-coronary sinus
-inferior vena cava

22
Q

how does blood exit the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary artery

23
Q

what supplies the left atrium?

A

pulmonary vein

24
Q

how does blood exit the left ventricle?

A

aorta

25
Q

what do ventricle walls contain?

A

-trabeculae carneae
-papillary muscles
-chordae tendineae

26
Q

why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

A

it forces blood out against more resistance, systemic circulation is longer

27
Q

valves

A

-atrioventricular: right (tricuspid) and left (bicuspid)
-semilunar: right and left

28
Q

cardiac skeleton

A

-dense connective tissue that surrounds all valves
-anchors valves
-prevents overdilation
-blocks electrical impulses

29
Q

function of AV valves

A

prevent backward flow of blood into atria

30
Q

function of semilunar valves

A

prevent backward flow of blood into ventricles

31
Q

lub

A

AV valves closing

32
Q

dup

A

semilunar valves closing

33
Q

What are foramen ovale and fossa ovalis?

A

In the fetus, the RA received oxygenated blood from mom through umbilical cord, so blood R to L through the foramen ovale: fossa ovalis is left after it closes

34
Q

What are ductus arteriosus & ligamentum arteriosum?

A

The pulmonary trunk had high resistance (because lungs not functioning yet) & ductus arteriosus shunted blood to aorta; becomes ligamentum arteriosum after birth

35
Q

Diastole

A

filling, relaxation

36
Q

Systole

A

contraction

37
Q

What is the conduction system of the heart?

A

Specialized cardiac muscle cells that carry impulses throughout the heart muscles, signaling the chambers to contract in the proper sequence

38
Q

Sympathetic innervation of heart

A

increases rate of contraction, cervical and thoracic chain ganglia

39
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of heart

A

decrease rate of contraction, vagus nerve

40
Q

What is endothelium? What type of tissue is found here?

A

-simple squamous epithelium
-lines lumen of blood vessels

41
Q

What are capillary beds?

A

network of capillaries running through tissues

42
Q

What structure fails in varicose veins?

A

valves

43
Q

What are vascular anastomoses?

A

Places where vessels interconnect, most organs receive blood from many vessels

Arteriole and vein anastomoses

44
Q

blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation

A

Oxygen poor blood exits right ventricle through pulmonary trunk, which branches left and right to the lungs, there are 3 lobar arteries on the right and 2 on the left

45
Q

Fetal circulation: What organs are bypassed? What organ is in charge of nutrient and gas exchange circulation?

A

Lungs are bypassed and liver and joints are bypassed

Placenta in charge of nutrient and gas exchange

46
Q

Why is the dural sinus interesting?

A

endothelium-lined channels of dura mater, drains veins of brains, comes together as sigmoid sinus and drains out internal jugular vein

47
Q

Why is the hepatic portal system interesting?

A

Hepatic portal system picks up digested nutrients from stomach and intestines and delivers them to liver

Artery to capillaries of gut to haptic portal vein to liver to hepatic vein to inferior vena cava

48
Q

Systemic arteries

A

Brachiocephalic
-right subclavian and right common carotid (internal carotid and external carotid)

left common carotid (internal carotid and external carotid)

left subclavian

49
Q

abdominal aorta

A

-common iliac
-internal iliac and external iliac (femoral a)

50
Q

thoracic aorta

A

-celiac trunk
-superior mesenteric
-inferior mesenteric

BIOL 240 (19 decks)

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