Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

how many bones are in the human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

sutural bones

Answer 2

extra skull bones

Question 3

sesamoid bones

Answer 3

bones that develop from tendons

Question 4

What does the skeletal system consist of?

Answer 4

bones, cartilage, ligaments, other connective tissue

Question 5

functions of the skeletal system

Answer 5

-support
-protection
-body movement
-hemopoiesis
-mineral storage

Question 6

characteristics of cartilage

Answer 6

-lots of matrix, has many sugar molecules
-avascular
-non-innervated
-chondrocytes and lacunae: cells and spaces holding them

Question 7

function of cartilage

Answer 7

-support
-withstand deformation

Question 8

perichondrium

Answer 8

-layer covering cartilage with external (dense irregular connective tissue) and internal layers
-resists outward pressure and growth/repair of cartilage

Question 9

hyaline cartilage

Answer 9

-most abundant, supports soft tissue, weakest,
-fetal skeleton, articular cartilage, nose, trachea, ribs-sternum

Question 10

fibrocartilage (what and where)

Answer 10

-dense collagen fibers,
-found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus

Question 11

elastic perichondrium

Answer 11

has a lot of elastic fibers in matrix, flexible
-found in ear

Question 12

characteristics of bone

Answer 12

-more solid than cartilage due to calcium phosphate in matrix
-1/3 organic components, inorganic
-2 types: spongy and compact

Question 13

osteoblasts

Answer 13

-derived from mesenchyme
-secrete collagen and matrix (osteoid)
-secretes regulatory hormones for sugar metabolism

Question 14

osteoclasts

Answer 14

-modified monocytes
-large
-multinuclear
-bone reabsorbing
-release lysosomal enzymes
-secrete acid to dissolve minerals

Question 15

osteocyte

Answer 15

-mature cells formed when matrix surrounds osteoblasts
-trapped in lacunae

Question 16

long bones

Answer 16

-more common
-levers
-upper/lower extremities

Question 17

short bones

Answer 17

-long as wide
-articulate and distribute forces
-ex: carpals, tarsals, sesamoid bones

Question 18

flat bones

Answer 18

-increases surface for muscle attachment
-hemopoiesis in adults
-ex: skull, ribs, scapula

Question 19

irregular bones

Answer 19

-complex shapes
-ex: vertebrate, coxae, some in skull

Question 20

red bone marrow (function and location)

Answer 20

-produces RBC
-found in spongy bone and medullar cavity

Question 21

yellow bone marrow

Answer 21

red bone marrow turned into fatty tissue

Question 22

ossification(when)

Answer 22

begins in 4th week of prenatal development

Question 23

endochondral ossification

Answer 23

-develops from hyaline cartilage
-most skeleton develops this way

Question 24

intramembranous ossification

Answer 24

-develops from mesenchyme
-found in some skull bones, clavicles, sesamoid

Question 25

diametric growth

Answer 25

occurs at periosteum of diaphysis

Question 26

vertical growth

Answer 26

epiphyseal plate, genetically determined

Question 27

function and location of spongy bone

Answer 27

-distributes stress, reduces weight
-found in epiphysis in long bones, diploe in flat bones, trabeculae