Endocrine System Flashcards
(46 cards)
characteristics of endocrine system
-system of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream
-controls body along with CNS
-organs located throughout body
-actions mediate all tissues
-only system whose organs are anatomically not connected
communication in ES
hormones
communication in NS
neurotransmitters
target in ES
any cell with receptors for hormones
target in NS
neurons, muscles, glands
recovery time in ES
slow
recovery time in NS
fast
effect of ES
metabolic activity, widespread, long lasting
effect of NS
contraction, secretion, localized, short-term
exocrine glands
-secretions (like sweat, saliva, etc.) transported by ducts
-located by target cells
endocrine glands
-secrete hormones
-no ducts, released directly into bloodstream
-located in highly vascular areas
hormones
-chemical triggers
-regulate metabolism
-need specific receptor on specific cell
target cells
cells with receptors for hormones
target organs
organs with target cells
amino-acid based hormones
-modified amino acids
-most common
-secreted via exocytosis, must have receptor
-elaborate rough ER
-act as hormones and neurotransmitters
steroid hormones
-type of lipid from cholesterol
-secreted by diffusion
-extensive smooth ER
-produced by gonads and adrenal cortex
humoral control of secretion
in response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in blood
neural control of secretion
stimulation by nerves
hormonal control of secretion
stimulation received from other hormones (tropic hormones)
positive feedback
-not common
-accelerates original process
-ex: action of oxytocin on uterine muscles during birth
negative feedback
-most common
-turn off or slow down original process
-ex: regulation of blood glucose level in body
phermones
-act outside body
-work on subconscious level
-apocrine glands
purely endocrine organs
-pituitary gland
-pineal gland
- thyroid gland
-parathyroid gland
-adrenal gland (cortex and medulla)
organs with target cells
-pancreas
-thymus
-gonads
-hypothalamus
-heart
-GI tract
-placenta
-skin
-kidney