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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 > Perineum 2 > Flashcards

Perineum 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the superficial dorsal veins drain

A

external pudendal veins

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2
Q

Where do the deep dorsal veins drain

A

prostatic venous plexus

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3
Q

What arteries are involved in erections

A

deep arteries and branches of the dorsal artery

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4
Q

What type of arteries carry blood to the cavernous spaces in erectile tissue

A

helical arteries

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5
Q

What causes helical arteries to relax and fill

A

parasympathetics

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6
Q

How are helical arteries innervated

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

What is the result of parasympathetics on helical arteries

A

inhibit sympathetics to allow corpus cavernosum to fill with blood

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8
Q

What is a penile fracture

A

hematoma within the corpus cavernosum under the tunica albuginea

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9
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve

A 
inferior rectal nerve
perineal nerve (superficial and deep)
dorsal nerve of penis (clitoris)
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10
Q

Where is inferior rectal nerve found

A

ischioanal fossa

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11
Q

What does inferior rectal nerve innervate

A

external anal sphincter
levator ani
sensory skin of the anal triangle

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12
Q

Where is the perineal nerve seen

A

UG triangle

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13
Q

What does perineal nerve innervate

A

motor supply to skeletal muscles in superficial and deep perineal pouches

provides sensory over posterior scrotum

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14
Q

What nerve is sensory to the penis

A

dorsal nerve of the penis

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15
Q

Where does the dorsal nerve of the penis enter

A

deep pouch

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16
Q

What nerves will innervate the anterior scrotum

A

ilioinguinal and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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17
Q

What nerves will innervate the posterior scrotum

A

pudendal nerve (via posterior scrotal nerves from superficial perineal)

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18
Q

What spinal cord levels are seen in the pudendal nerve

A

S2-S3-S4 (keeps the penis off the floor)

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19
Q

What is impotence

A

inability to get an erection

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20
Q

What are possible causes of impotence

A

damage to pudendal nerve or pelvic splanchnics

spinal cord trauma

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21
Q

What part of the autonomic system is involved in erection

A

parasympathetics

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22
Q

What part of the autonomic system is involved in ejaculation

A

sympathetics

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23
Q

How does viagra help impotence

A

affects relaxation of smooth muscle in corpora cavernosa to allow it to fill with blood

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24
Q

What structures compose the vulva

A 
vestibular bulb
mons pubic
vestibule
clitoris
greater vestibular gland
labia major
labia minor
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25
What is the mons pubis
collection of subcutaneous fat in front of the pubic symphysis
26
What is the labia major
fat filled prominence
27
What does the labia major contain
termination of round ligament of uterus
28
What is the labia
folds of skin that are devoid of fat and hair
29
What two parts compose clitoris
prepuce and frenulum
30
What is the vestibule
space between labia minor
31
What are the functions of the vulva
direct urine prevent foreign objects entrance into UG system sensory and erectile tissue
32
What muscles are found in the female perineum
bulbospongiosum ischiocavernosum superficial transverse perineal
33
What may occur if the perineal body is damaged and doesn't heal properly
levator ani contract and pull the gap wider between pelvic floor and lead to proplapse of uterus, ovary, rectum
34
What muscle will lay on top of the bulb of the vestibule in females
bulbospongiosus
35
What is the vestibular bulb homologous to
bulb of penis
36
What is the function of the vestibular bulb
vaginal sphincter | aids in erection of clitoris
37
What do the corpora cavernosa form in females
clitoris
38
What muscle helps maintain erection of the clitoris
ischiocavernosus muscle
39
How does the ischiocavernosus muscle aid in erection of clitoris
compresses veins
40
What does the clitoris consist of
crus, body, glans and erectile tissue
41
What is the function of bartholins glands
secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication
42
Where will lymph drain in bartholinitis
superficial inguinal nodes
43
What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery in the female perineum
deep arteries artery of bulb post labial artery dorsal arteries of clitoris
44
What will the external pudendal (deep and superficial) artery supply
labia majora skin
45
What will the superficial dorsal vein drain
skin, prepuce, clitoris
46
Where does the superficial dorsal vein empty into
superficial external vein and external iliac vein
47
What will the external pudendal vein drain
anterior labia majora and scrotum
48
Where does the external pudendal vein empty
femoral vein to prostatic plexus in males and bladder plexus in females
49
Where is the deep dorsal vein found
between Buck's fascia superficial to tunica albuginea
50
What does the deep dorsal vein drain
glans and corpora cavernosa
51
Where does the deep dorsal vein empty in
prostatic plexus in males and bladder venous in females
52
What are the nerves of the female perineum
Perineal Dorsal n of clitoris Inferior rectal
53
What is the function of the inferior rectal nerve
innervates external anal sphincter, some levator ani, and sensory to skin of anal triangle
54
What is the function of the perineal nerve
runs into UG triangle, motor to skeletal m in superficial and deep perineal pouches, sensory viaposterior labial
55
What is the function of dorsal nerve of clitoris
sensory to clitoris
56
Where does the anal canal begin and terminate
``` sigmoid colon (ampulla) anus ```
57
What is the anal canal surrounded by
internal and external anal sphincters
58
What differentiates somatic and visceral innervation of the anal canal
pectinate line
59
What are contained within anal columns
terminal branches of superior rectal artery and vein that anastomose with middle rectal A/V
60
What are anal crypts
ducts of glands
61
What may occur to the anal crypts
form cysts or become infected (abscess)
62
What muscles compose the anorectal sling
puborectalis | internal and external anal sphincters
63
Is the internal anal sphincter voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
64
What is the sympathetic innervation to internal anal sphincter
hypogastric plexus
65
What is the parasympathetic innervation to the internal anal sphincter
pelvic splanchnic
66
What is the effect on sympathetics on internal anal sphincter
stimulation
67
What is the effect of parasympathetics on internal anal sphincter
inhibition
68
What part of the anus is lined why true skin
part below the white line of Hilton
69
What is the innervation to the external anal sphincter
voluntary--inferior rectal nerve
70
How many parts compose the external anal sphincter
3 parts
71
Where does the external anal sphincter extend
surrounds entire length of anal canal
72
What are the 3 parts of the external anal sphincter
superficial deep subcutaneous
73
What is the subcutaneous part of the anal canal
surrounds lower part of the anal canal, sits beneath skin at anal orifice
74
What is the superficial part of the anal canal
arises from coccyx
75
What is the deep part of the anal canal
fused with puborectalis
76
What is the arterial supply to the visceral part of the anal canal
superior and middle rectal arteries
77
What is the arterial supply to the parietal part of the anal canal
middle and inferior rectal arteries
78
What are the veins of the visceral part of the anal canal
superior rectal arteries to portal system
79
What are the veins of the parietal part of the anal canal
inferior rectal arteries to caval system
80
What is the lymphatics of the visceral part of the anal canal
internal iliac nodes
81
What is the lymphatics of the parietal part of the anal canal
superficial inguinal
82
What is the innervation of the visceral part of the anal canal
pelvic splanchnic | inferior hypogastric
83
What is the innervation of the parietal part of the anal canal
inferior rectal nerves
84
How does defecation occur
reflex arc/path
85
What is the defecation reflex arc
ampulla gets filled and stimulates stretch receptors defecation can occur consciously relax puborectal sling, increase intraabdominal pressure stimulate stretch receptors in anorectal canal and relax internal anal sphincter
86
What are the possible causes of incontinence
disruption of reflex arc infants have weak external sphincter weakening of external sphincter with age inferior rectal nerve damage

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 (22 decks)

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