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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 > Perineum 2 > Flashcards

Perineum 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the superficial dorsal veins drain

A

external pudendal veins

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2
Q

Where do the deep dorsal veins drain

A

prostatic venous plexus

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3
Q

What arteries are involved in erections

A

deep arteries and branches of the dorsal artery

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4
Q

What type of arteries carry blood to the cavernous spaces in erectile tissue

A

helical arteries

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5
Q

What causes helical arteries to relax and fill

A

parasympathetics

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6
Q

How are helical arteries innervated

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

What is the result of parasympathetics on helical arteries

A

inhibit sympathetics to allow corpus cavernosum to fill with blood

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8
Q

What is a penile fracture

A

hematoma within the corpus cavernosum under the tunica albuginea

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9
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve

A 
inferior rectal nerve
perineal nerve (superficial and deep)
dorsal nerve of penis (clitoris)
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10
Q

Where is inferior rectal nerve found

A

ischioanal fossa

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11
Q

What does inferior rectal nerve innervate

A

external anal sphincter
levator ani
sensory skin of the anal triangle

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12
Q

Where is the perineal nerve seen

A

UG triangle

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13
Q

What does perineal nerve innervate

A

motor supply to skeletal muscles in superficial and deep perineal pouches

provides sensory over posterior scrotum

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14
Q

What nerve is sensory to the penis

A

dorsal nerve of the penis

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15
Q

Where does the dorsal nerve of the penis enter

A

deep pouch

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16
Q

What nerves will innervate the anterior scrotum

A

ilioinguinal and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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17
Q

What nerves will innervate the posterior scrotum

A

pudendal nerve (via posterior scrotal nerves from superficial perineal)

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18
Q

What spinal cord levels are seen in the pudendal nerve

A

S2-S3-S4 (keeps the penis off the floor)

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19
Q

What is impotence

A

inability to get an erection

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20
Q

What are possible causes of impotence

A

damage to pudendal nerve or pelvic splanchnics

spinal cord trauma

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21
Q

What part of the autonomic system is involved in erection

A

parasympathetics

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22
Q

What part of the autonomic system is involved in ejaculation

A

sympathetics

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23
Q

How does viagra help impotence

A

affects relaxation of smooth muscle in corpora cavernosa to allow it to fill with blood

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24
Q

What structures compose the vulva

A 
vestibular bulb
mons pubic
vestibule
clitoris
greater vestibular gland
labia major
labia minor
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25
Q

What is the mons pubis

A

collection of subcutaneous fat in front of the pubic symphysis

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26
Q

What is the labia major

A

fat filled prominence

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27
Q

What does the labia major contain

A

termination of round ligament of uterus

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28
Q

What is the labia

A

folds of skin that are devoid of fat and hair

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29
Q

What two parts compose clitoris

A

prepuce and frenulum

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30
Q

What is the vestibule

A

space between labia minor

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31
Q

What are the functions of the vulva

A

direct urine
prevent foreign objects entrance into UG system
sensory and erectile tissue

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32
Q

What muscles are found in the female perineum

A

bulbospongiosum
ischiocavernosum
superficial transverse perineal

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33
Q

What may occur if the perineal body is damaged and doesn’t heal properly

A

levator ani contract and pull the gap wider between pelvic floor and lead to proplapse of uterus, ovary, rectum

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34
Q

What muscle will lay on top of the bulb of the vestibule in females

A

bulbospongiosus

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35
Q

What is the vestibular bulb homologous to

A

bulb of penis

36
Q

What is the function of the vestibular bulb

A

vaginal sphincter

aids in erection of clitoris

37
Q

What do the corpora cavernosa form in females

A

clitoris

38
Q

What muscle helps maintain erection of the clitoris

A

ischiocavernosus muscle

39
Q

How does the ischiocavernosus muscle aid in erection of clitoris

A

compresses veins

40
Q

What does the clitoris consist of

A

crus, body, glans and erectile tissue

41
Q

What is the function of bartholins glands

A

secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication

42
Q

Where will lymph drain in bartholinitis

A

superficial inguinal nodes

43
Q

What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery in the female perineum

A

deep arteries
artery of bulb
post labial artery
dorsal arteries of clitoris

44
Q

What will the external pudendal (deep and superficial) artery supply

A

labia majora skin

45
Q

What will the superficial dorsal vein drain

A

skin, prepuce, clitoris

46
Q

Where does the superficial dorsal vein empty into

A

superficial external vein and external iliac vein

47
Q

What will the external pudendal vein drain

A

anterior labia majora and scrotum

48
Q

Where does the external pudendal vein empty

A

femoral vein to prostatic plexus in males and bladder plexus in females

49
Q

Where is the deep dorsal vein found

A

between Buck’s fascia superficial to tunica albuginea

50
Q

What does the deep dorsal vein drain

A

glans and corpora cavernosa

51
Q

Where does the deep dorsal vein empty in

A

prostatic plexus in males and bladder venous in females

52
Q

What are the nerves of the female perineum

A

Perineal
Dorsal n of clitoris
Inferior rectal

53
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectal nerve

A

innervates external anal sphincter, some levator ani, and sensory to skin of anal triangle

54
Q

What is the function of the perineal nerve

A

runs into UG triangle, motor to skeletal m in superficial and deep perineal pouches, sensory viaposterior labial

55
Q

What is the function of dorsal nerve of clitoris

A

sensory to clitoris

56
Q

Where does the anal canal begin and terminate

A 
sigmoid colon (ampulla)
anus
57
Q

What is the anal canal surrounded by

A

internal and external anal sphincters

58
Q

What differentiates somatic and visceral innervation of the anal canal

A

pectinate line

59
Q

What are contained within anal columns

A

terminal branches of superior rectal artery and vein that anastomose with middle rectal A/V

60
Q

What are anal crypts

A

ducts of glands

61
Q

What may occur to the anal crypts

A

form cysts or become infected (abscess)

62
Q

What muscles compose the anorectal sling

A

puborectalis

internal and external anal sphincters

63
Q

Is the internal anal sphincter voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary

64
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation to internal anal sphincter

A

hypogastric plexus

65
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the internal anal sphincter

A

pelvic splanchnic

66
Q

What is the effect on sympathetics on internal anal sphincter

A

stimulation

67
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetics on internal anal sphincter

A

inhibition

68
Q

What part of the anus is lined why true skin

A

part below the white line of Hilton

69
Q

What is the innervation to the external anal sphincter

A

voluntary–inferior rectal nerve

70
Q

How many parts compose the external anal sphincter

A

3 parts

71
Q

Where does the external anal sphincter extend

A

surrounds entire length of anal canal

72
Q

What are the 3 parts of the external anal sphincter

A

superficial
deep
subcutaneous

73
Q

What is the subcutaneous part of the anal canal

A

surrounds lower part of the anal canal, sits beneath skin at anal orifice

74
Q

What is the superficial part of the anal canal

A

arises from coccyx

75
Q

What is the deep part of the anal canal

A

fused with puborectalis

76
Q

What is the arterial supply to the visceral part of the anal canal

A

superior and middle rectal arteries

77
Q

What is the arterial supply to the parietal part of the anal canal

A

middle and inferior rectal arteries

78
Q

What are the veins of the visceral part of the anal canal

A

superior rectal arteries to portal system

79
Q

What are the veins of the parietal part of the anal canal

A

inferior rectal arteries to caval system

80
Q

What is the lymphatics of the visceral part of the anal canal

A

internal iliac nodes

81
Q

What is the lymphatics of the parietal part of the anal canal

A

superficial inguinal

82
Q

What is the innervation of the visceral part of the anal canal

A

pelvic splanchnic

inferior hypogastric

83
Q

What is the innervation of the parietal part of the anal canal

A

inferior rectal nerves

84
Q

How does defecation occur

A

reflex arc/path

85
Q

What is the defecation reflex arc

A

ampulla gets filled and stimulates stretch receptors

defecation can occur consciously

relax puborectal sling, increase intraabdominal pressure

stimulate stretch receptors in anorectal canal and relax internal anal sphincter

86
Q

What are the possible causes of incontinence

A

disruption of reflex arc
infants have weak external sphincter
weakening of external sphincter with age
inferior rectal nerve damage

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 (22 decks)

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