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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 > Abdomen: Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdomen: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What type of hernia is associated with the semilunar line

A

spigelian hernia

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2
Q

What hernia is associated with the linea alba

A

umbilical hernia

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3
Q

What type of hernia is associated with the inguinal ligament

A

inguinal hernia

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4
Q

Where is the semilunar line

A

between abdominal oblique muscles and rectus abdominus muscles

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5
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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6
Q

What are the functions of the abdominal wall

A

support for abdominal organs
movement of trunk
assist respiration
compress abdominal contents

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7
Q

What are the 6 F’s associated with a distended abdomen

A 
fat
fluid
feces
fetus
flatus
food
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8
Q

How will abdominal pressure change during inspiration and expiration

A

increase in inspiration, decrease in expiration

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9
Q

What are the two layers of superficial fascia within the abdomen

A

Campers and Scarpas

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10
Q

What type of fascia is campers fascia

A

thin, losse fatty layer

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11
Q

What type of fascia is Scarpas fascia

A

thick, dense layer

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12
Q

What layer will adipose be removed during liposunction

A

Camper’s fascia

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13
Q

What layer would sutures be placed in on the abdominal wall

A

Scarpa–thicker to maintain sutures

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14
Q

What spaces are continuous with Scarpa’s fascia

A

penis and scrotum (dartos)

perineum (colles)

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15
Q

What is Colle’s fascia

A

superficial perineal fascia

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16
Q

Can fluid from scarpas spread to the thigh

A

no, not continuous with fascia lata of thigh

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17
Q

How might urine extravasate in a “jumping over the fence” injury

A

pubic symphysis and fence will smash urethra, tearing it. Blood and urine enter into space of the perineum under colle’s fascia, dartos fascia, shaft of penis under dartos up to abdominal wall

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18
Q

What are the muscles of the abdomen innervated by

A

T7-T11

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19
Q

What direction are the fibers of the external abdominal oblique

A

hands in pocket

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20
Q

What direction are the fibers of the internal abdominal oblique

A

fans out more inferiorly

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21
Q

What direction are the fibers of the trasversus abdominus

A

completely horizontal

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22
Q

What will compose the anterior and posterior rectus sheath when above the arcuate line

A

Anterior: aponeurosis of EAO and part of IAO

Posterior: aponeurosis of IAO and TA

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23
Q

What composes the anterior and posterior rectus sheath when below the arcuate line

A

ANterior: no posterior rectus sheath. All three aponeuroses infront

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24
Q

What nerves come off T1-T11

A

Thoracoabdominals
Subcostal
Ilioinguinal, Iliohypogastric

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25
What are the spinal cord levels for thoracoabdominals
T7-T11
26
What are the spinal cord levels for Subcostal
T12
27
What are the spinal cord levels for Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric
L1
28
What is the main anastomosis within the abdominal wall
superior epigastric and inferior epigastric
29
What veins are responsible for draining the lateral aspect of the abdominal wall
lateral thoracic | superficial epigastric
30
How might the veins of the abdominal wall be used to compensate for a blockage in the IVC
superficial epigastric and lateral thoracic to drain
31
What is caput medusae
varicose enlargement of periumbilical veins of the abdominal wall due to portal hypertension
32
What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of
urachus
33
What is the medial umbilical ligament a remnant of
umbilical arteries
34
What is the lateral umbilical ligament
inferior epigastric vessels on the backside of the abdominal wall
35
Where does superficial lymph drainage of the abdominal wall occur
above umbilicus to axillary | below umbilicus to superficial inguinal
36
What are the borders of Hesselbach's triangle
rectus abdominus medially inferior epigastric vessels laterally inguinal ligament
37
What type of hernia will occur through hesselbach's triangle
direct inguinal hernia
38
What is contained within the inguinal canal in males
ilioinguinal nerve spermatic cord genitofemoral nerve
39
What is contained within the inguinal canal in females
round ligament of uterus | ilioinguinal nerve
40
What composes the anterior portion of the inguinal canal
external oblique aponeurosis
41
What composes the psoterior portion of the inguinal canal
transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
42
What composes the roof of the inguinal canal
attaching fibers or TA and IAO
43
What composes the floor of the inguinal canal
inguinal ligament, iliopubic tract
44
Where is the inguinal canal weak
lateral to conjoint tendon; posterior wall
45
What is the deep inguinal ring
opening in transversalis fascia at the start of inguinal canal
46
What is the superficial inguinal ring
opening in external oblique
47
What is the superficial inguinal ring bordered by
medial and lateral crus, intercrural fibers, reflected inguinal ligament
48
What muscle will contribute muscle to the spermatic cord
internal oblique
49
What muscle does internal oblique give rise to
cremaster muscle
50
What layers of the abdomen will contribute to the layers surrounding the spermatic cord
external oblique internal oblique transversalis fascia subcutaneous tissue
51
What does the external oblique contribute to the spermatic cord
external spermatic fascia
52
What does the internal oblique muscle contribute to the spermatic cord
cremaster muscle
53
What does the transversalis fascia contibute to the spermatic cord
internal spermatic fascia
54
What does subcutaneous tissue contribute to the spermatic cord
dartos muscle and fascia
55
What abdominal muscle does not contribute to the spermatic cord
transversus abdominis
56
What are the major contents of the spermatic cord
``` testicular artery testicular vein (pampiniform plexus) vas deferens processus vaginalis cremateric artery lymphatics ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerve ```
57
What is the function of the cremaster muscle
elevates testicles for temperature control; also involved in cremaster reflex
58
What is the cremaster reflex
gentle scraping of thigh will cause testes to pull upwards to abdomen
59
What spinal level is being tested by cremaster reflex
L1-L2
60
What nerve provides sensory info from cremaster
ilioinguinal
61
What nerve innervates cremaster muscle
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
62
What is the function of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord
cool blood in the arteries
63
What is the processus vaginalis
evagination of the peritoneum at the inguinal canal when testes descend to scrotum and will be obliterated
64
What does the processus vaginalis become
tunica vaginalis
65
What is the gubernaculum
a cord of tissue that guides the testes down through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum
66
What may occur if the processus vaginalis remains open
indirect hernias
67
How will lymph from the testes and scrotum drain
testes: lumbar nodes | skin of scrotum: superficial inguinal
68
What is cryptochidism
testes fail to descend
69
What is hydrocele
accumulation between visceral and paietal layers of tunica vaginalis
70
Where does a hydrocele occur in females
canal of nuck
71
What is testicular torsion
twisting of spermatic cord results in loss of blood flow and nerve function to the testicle
72
What is a predisposition to testicular torsion
tunica vaginalis is attached higher than usual allowing more mobility in the testicle
73
How will testicular torsion present
rapid onset of severe pain | dimpling
74
What causes dimpling in testicular torsion
gubernaculum pulling on scrotum
75
What are the characteristics of direct inguinal hernia
occur in older men due to weak abdominal muscles occurs medial to the inferior epigastric vessels through the Hesselbach triangle rarely reaches scrotum
76
What are the characteristics of indirect inguinal hernia
occur in younger individuals more than adults and in males more than females travel through inguinal canal to scrotum occur lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
77
What rings will be affected by direct and indirect hernias
direct: may affect superficial Indirect: deep and superficial
78
In which inguinal fossa will direct and indirect hernias occur
direct: medial indirect: lateral
79
What layers will be seen on an indirect inguinal hernia
same layers as the spermatic cord plus periotneum and transversalis fascia
80
What layers will be seen on a direct inguinal hernia
only peritoneum and transversalis fascia
81
Where do femoral hernias occur
in femoral canal
82
How do inguinal hernias position differ from femoral hernias
femoral: inferolateral to pubic tubercle inguinal: superomedial to pubic tubercle

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 (22 decks)

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