Perineum 1 Flashcards
Where is the perineum located
inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
What is the roof and the floor of the perineum composed of
roof: pelvic diaphragm and fascia
floor: skin and fascia
What are the superior boundaries to the perineum
pelvic diaphragm and urogentinal hiatus
What is contained within the urogenital hiatus in males
urethra and rectum
What is contained in the urogenital hiatus in females
urethra, rectum, and vagina
What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm
supports pelvic viscera
reinforces pelvic diaphragm
What is contained within the superficial pouch
2 erectile bodies
3 muscles
greater vestibular glands (females)
What are the 2 erectile bodies in the superficial pouch
corpus cavernosa (crus) corpus spongiosus (bulb)
What are the 3 muscles in the superficial pouch
superficial transverse perineal
bulbospongiosus
ischiocavernosus
What is contained within the deep pouch
deep transverse perineal m bulbourethral glands (males) external urethral sphincter
What is the central tendon of the perineum
perineal body
What is the structure composition of the perineal body
contains collagen, elastic fibers, skeletal and smooth muscle
What muscle will cover the crura
ischiocavernosus
What is the superior limit of the superficial pouch
perineal membrane
What is another name for the perineal membrane
inferior UGD
What muscles attach to the perineal body
levator ani
bulbospongiosus
deep and superficial transverse perineal
external anal sphincter
What forms the roof of the deep perineal pouch
Deep (superior) fascia of the UG diaphragm
What fascia will attach to the perineal body
Colle’s fascia
Perineal membrane
Superior fascia of UGD
Deep perineal fascia
What are the muscles of the deep perineal pouch of females
deep transverse perineal
external urethral sphincter
compressor urethrae
urethrovaginal sphincter
Where is the ischioanal fossa found
between pelvic diaphragm and gluteus maximus
What are the muscles in the deep perineal pouch in males
deep transverse perineal
external urethral sphincter
compressor urethrae
What structures are at risk during a medial episiotomy
central tendon
What is the function of the ischioanal fossa
allows expansion during defecation and child birth
What are the divisions of the ischioanal fossa
anterior and posterior recesses
What are the two layers of the superficial perineal fascia
fatty subcutaneous and
deep membranous fascia
What is the name for the deep membranous fascia of the superficial perineal fascia
Colle’s fascia
What is Colle’s fascia continuous with
Scarpa’s fascia
What does the superficial perineal fascia attach to
fascia lata in thigh
pubic arch
posterior border of perineal membrane
Where does the superficial perineal fascia extend to
extends over penis and scrotum
What is the name of the fascia that extends over penis and scrotum
Dartos fascia
What does the tunic of the Dartos fascia contain
smooth muscle
What is Darto’s fascia a continuation of
Scarpa’s fascia
What is the deep perineal fascia continous with
fascia of external oblique and external spermatic fascia
What will deep perineal fascia be continuous with over the penis
Buck’s fascia
What does Buck’s fascia surround
all three cavernous bodies
2 dorsal arteries and nerves
deep dorsal vein
What does Buck’s fascia separate
corpus spongiosum from the two corpora cavernosa
Where will urine collect if the urethra is ruptured above the perineal membrane
pelvic cavity
Where will urine collect if the urethra is punctured but buck’s fascia remains in tact
penis shaft
Where will urine collect if urethra is ruptured and bucks fascia is also torn
superifical perineal space and under colle’s fascia
into the scrotum
Where will urine collect from a ruptured membranous urethra
deep perineal space
in which part of the penis the urethra contained
corpus spongiosum
What are the different parts of the male external genitalia
bulb
corona
glans
crura
What is the bulb of the penis
enlarged region at the bas of the corpora spongiosum
What is the bulb of the penis penetrated by
urethra
What is the glans of the penis
expanded cap-like portion
What does the glans of the penis contain
external urethral orifice
What is the corona of the penis
edge of glands that extends backwards over corpora cavernosa
What is the crura of the penis
legs of the corpus cavernosa
What is the crura of the penis attached to
ischiopubic ramus
What is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscle in males
to empty the urethra
compress deep dorsal vein and erectile tissue
contracts during ejaculation
What is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscle in males
moves blood caudal to rostral
compress deep dorsal vein
restricts venous outflow
What is the function of the superficial transverse perineal muscle
stabilize perineal body
What is the fundiform ligament
extension of linea alba
superior to the pubic symphysis
forms a sling
What is the suspensory ligament
deep fascia arising from the pubic symphysis to form a sling
What is peyronie’s disease
fibromatosis of tunica albuginea and buck’s fascia
What is varicocele
dilation of the spermatic vein due to impaired drainage
What side are varicoceles more common
left
What causes varicoceles
SMA syndrome
What artery supplies the perineum
internal pudendal artery
What are the branches of the pudendal artery
superficial and deep dorsal arteries
inferior rectal
artery of bulb
posterior scrotal
What does the external pudendal artery (deep/superficial) supply
supplies to the penile and scrotal skin
Where does the deep dorsal vein drain
prostatic venous plexus
Where does the superficial dorsal vein drain
external pudendal veins
What do the dorsal arteries of the penis supply
penis
What do the deep arteries of the penis supply
inside corpora caverosa
involved in erection
What do the arteries of the bulb supply
corpora spongiosum
bulbourethral glands
