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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 > Abdominal Viscera Part 1 > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral level will the esophagus traverse the diaphram

A

T10

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2
Q

What is the vertebral length of the esophagus

A

C6-T11

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3
Q

What is the esophagogastric junction

A

junction of the esophagus and stomach (T11); transition from esophageal to gastric tissue

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4
Q

What structures will assist the LES in guarding influx to and from the esophagus

A

diaphragmatic hiatus

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5
Q

What are the arteries that will supply the esophagus

A

left gastric artery

left inferior phrenic

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6
Q

Where does the abdominal esophagus drain venous

A

left gastric vein

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7
Q

Where does the thoracic esophagus drain venous

A

systemic venous system

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8
Q

What is the function of the stomach

A

digestion, turn food into chyme

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9
Q

What region is the stomach found in

A

left hypochondriac region

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10
Q

What is the arterial supply of the stomach

A

left/right gastric
left/right epiploic
short gastric

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11
Q

Where will venous blood of the stomach drain

A

splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein

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12
Q

What is the function of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach

A

prevents food from regurgitating to the esophagus

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13
Q

What are the two portions of the lesser omentum

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

hepatogastric ligament

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14
Q

What composes the portal triad

A

proper hepatic artery
portal vein
common bile duct

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15
Q

Where is the portal triad found

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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16
Q

What anatomy neighbors the stomach anteriorly

A

abdominal wall, left lobe of liver, diaphragm

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17
Q

What anatomy neighbors the stomach posteriorly

A

pancreas
splenic artery
omental bursa

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18
Q

What is the stomach covered with

A

visceral peritoneum

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19
Q

What structures compose the stomach bed

A 
pancreas
diaphragm
left kidney/suprarenal gland
spleen
transverse colon, mesocolon, splenic artery and vein
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20
Q

Where is the phrenicocolic ligament

A

attaches from left colic flexure to body wall

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21
Q

What is the function of the phrenicocolic ligament

A

prevents fluid migration in left paracolic gutter

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22
Q

Describe the muscularis externa portion of the stomach

A

smooth muscle arranged in 3 layers

oblique, circular, longitudinal

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23
Q

What are the rugae of the stomach

A

longitudinal folds of mucosa and submucosa that increase surface area for digestion and maceration

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24
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter located

A

between stomach and small intestine

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25
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter

A

controls release of food into duodenum

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26
Q

Where is the duodenal cap found

A

directly after pyloric sphincter in first part of duodenum

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27
Q

What are the two different types of hernias associated with the stomach

A

Paraesophageal: herniates next to esophagus

Sliding hernia: herniates through the hiatus

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28
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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29
Q

In what part of the GI tract does most digestion occur

A

small intestine

30
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

intraperitoneal

31
Q

What are the parts of the duodenum

A

superior
descending
horizontal
ascending

32
Q

What is the most fixed portion of the small intestine

A

duodenum

33
Q

What is the pancreas head contained by

A

duodenum

34
Q

What part of the abdomen is the duodenum found in

A

upper right and ends upper left

35
Q

What part of the duodenum contain duodenal papilla

A

part 2

36
Q

What is the duodenal papilla

A

opening of the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the duodenum

37
Q

What parts of the duodenum are intraperiotoneal? Which are retroperitoneal

A

parts 1 and distal 4= retroperitoneal

parts 2-proximal 4 are intraperitoneal

38
Q

What structures are found behind the second part of the duodenum

A

right kidney, right renal artery, right renal vein

39
Q

What structures are found behind the first part of the duodenum

A

IVC

40
Q

What is SMA syndrome

A

3rd segment of duodenum becomes trapped between SMA and abdominal aorta–> obstruction resulting in vomiting, pain, and GERD

41
Q

SMA syndrome can affect the kidneys/testicles how

A

left renal vein compressed leads to varicocele

42
Q

When is SMA seen

A

in tall thin patients or those who have recently lost weight

43
Q

What is another name for the ligament of treitz

A

suspensory ligament of the duodenum

44
Q

Where is the ligament of treitz

A

from diaphragm to duodenum; 4th part

45
Q

What will result from contraction of the ligament of treitz

A

widens angle of duodenal jejunal flexure

46
Q

What landmark is used to differentiate upper and lower GI bleeds

A

Ligament of Treitz

47
Q

What are signs of upper GI bleed

A

hematemesis and melena

48
Q

What are signs of lower GI bleed

A

hematochezia

49
Q

What is the arterial supply to the duodenum

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal and inferior pancreaticoduodenal

50
Q

Where does venous blood from the duodenum drain

A

portal system

51
Q

What is the anastamosis between the SMA and celiac trunk

A

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

52
Q

What are tenae coli

A

3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle that run the length of the colon

53
Q

What are haustra

A

puckers of the large intestine which churn and constrict to squirt the food forward

54
Q

What structure is found at the tip of the cecum

A

appendix

55
Q

How is the appendix attached to the cecum

A

mesoappendix

56
Q

What is McBurney’s point

A

1/3 between ASIS and umbilicus used to locate appendix

57
Q

What parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal

A

transverse and sigmoid

58
Q

What are three features of the small intestine

A

tenae coli
haustra coli
epiploic appendages

59
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine

A

absorption of fluid and formation of solid feces

60
Q

What are the 3 main branches off the celiac trunk

A

left gastric
splenic
common hepatic

61
Q

what are the anastomosis seen around the stomach

A

right and left gastric

right and left gastroepiploic

62
Q

What are the main branches off the SMA

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
middle colic, right colic, ileocolic
intestinal arteries

63
Q

What are the main branches off IMA

A

sigmoidal
left colic
superior rectal

64
Q

Where will the IMA and SMA anastamose

A

left colic and middle colic

65
Q

What is the connection called for anastomosis between IMA and SMA

A

marginal artery of drummond

66
Q

WHat type of blood is contained within the portal system

A

poor oxygen but rich nutrients

67
Q

Where does the portal vein form

A

junction between superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

68
Q

What are the 3 portal caval system

A

esophageal with left gastric
paraumbilical with epigastric
superior rectal with inferior rectal

69
Q

What occurrs with esophageal and left gastric portal caval anastomoses

A

esophageal varices

70
Q

What occurs with paraumbilical and epigastric anastomoses

A

hemorrhoids

71
Q

What occurs with superior rectal and inferior rectal anastamosis

A

caput medusae

72
Q

Where will the SMV drain

A

portal vein

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 2 (22 decks)

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