Abdominal Viscera Part 1 Flashcards
What vertebral level will the esophagus traverse the diaphram
T10
What is the vertebral length of the esophagus
C6-T11
What is the esophagogastric junction
junction of the esophagus and stomach (T11); transition from esophageal to gastric tissue
What structures will assist the LES in guarding influx to and from the esophagus
diaphragmatic hiatus
What are the arteries that will supply the esophagus
left gastric artery
left inferior phrenic
Where does the abdominal esophagus drain venous
left gastric vein
Where does the thoracic esophagus drain venous
systemic venous system
What is the function of the stomach
digestion, turn food into chyme
What region is the stomach found in
left hypochondriac region
What is the arterial supply of the stomach
left/right gastric
left/right epiploic
short gastric
Where will venous blood of the stomach drain
splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach
prevents food from regurgitating to the esophagus
What are the two portions of the lesser omentum
hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatogastric ligament
What composes the portal triad
proper hepatic artery
portal vein
common bile duct
Where is the portal triad found
hepatoduodenal ligament
What anatomy neighbors the stomach anteriorly
abdominal wall, left lobe of liver, diaphragm
What anatomy neighbors the stomach posteriorly
pancreas
splenic artery
omental bursa
What is the stomach covered with
visceral peritoneum
What structures compose the stomach bed
pancreas diaphragm left kidney/suprarenal gland spleen transverse colon, mesocolon, splenic artery and vein
Where is the phrenicocolic ligament
attaches from left colic flexure to body wall
What is the function of the phrenicocolic ligament
prevents fluid migration in left paracolic gutter
Describe the muscularis externa portion of the stomach
smooth muscle arranged in 3 layers
oblique, circular, longitudinal
What are the rugae of the stomach
longitudinal folds of mucosa and submucosa that increase surface area for digestion and maceration
Where is the pyloric sphincter located
between stomach and small intestine
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter
controls release of food into duodenum
Where is the duodenal cap found
directly after pyloric sphincter in first part of duodenum
What are the two different types of hernias associated with the stomach
Paraesophageal: herniates next to esophagus
Sliding hernia: herniates through the hiatus
What are the parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
In what part of the GI tract does most digestion occur
small intestine
Are the jejunum and ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
intraperitoneal
What are the parts of the duodenum
superior
descending
horizontal
ascending
What is the most fixed portion of the small intestine
duodenum
What is the pancreas head contained by
duodenum
What part of the abdomen is the duodenum found in
upper right and ends upper left
What part of the duodenum contain duodenal papilla
part 2
What is the duodenal papilla
opening of the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the duodenum
What parts of the duodenum are intraperiotoneal? Which are retroperitoneal
parts 1 and distal 4= retroperitoneal
parts 2-proximal 4 are intraperitoneal
What structures are found behind the second part of the duodenum
right kidney, right renal artery, right renal vein
What structures are found behind the first part of the duodenum
IVC
What is SMA syndrome
3rd segment of duodenum becomes trapped between SMA and abdominal aorta–> obstruction resulting in vomiting, pain, and GERD
SMA syndrome can affect the kidneys/testicles how
left renal vein compressed leads to varicocele
When is SMA seen
in tall thin patients or those who have recently lost weight
What is another name for the ligament of treitz
suspensory ligament of the duodenum
Where is the ligament of treitz
from diaphragm to duodenum; 4th part
What will result from contraction of the ligament of treitz
widens angle of duodenal jejunal flexure
What landmark is used to differentiate upper and lower GI bleeds
Ligament of Treitz
What are signs of upper GI bleed
hematemesis and melena
What are signs of lower GI bleed
hematochezia
What is the arterial supply to the duodenum
superior pancreaticoduodenal and inferior pancreaticoduodenal
Where does venous blood from the duodenum drain
portal system
What is the anastamosis between the SMA and celiac trunk
superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
What are tenae coli
3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle that run the length of the colon
What are haustra
puckers of the large intestine which churn and constrict to squirt the food forward
What structure is found at the tip of the cecum
appendix
How is the appendix attached to the cecum
mesoappendix
What is McBurney’s point
1/3 between ASIS and umbilicus used to locate appendix
What parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal
transverse and sigmoid
What are three features of the small intestine
tenae coli
haustra coli
epiploic appendages
What is the main function of the large intestine
absorption of fluid and formation of solid feces
What are the 3 main branches off the celiac trunk
left gastric
splenic
common hepatic
what are the anastomosis seen around the stomach
right and left gastric
right and left gastroepiploic
What are the main branches off the SMA
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
middle colic, right colic, ileocolic
intestinal arteries
What are the main branches off IMA
sigmoidal
left colic
superior rectal
Where will the IMA and SMA anastamose
left colic and middle colic
What is the connection called for anastomosis between IMA and SMA
marginal artery of drummond
WHat type of blood is contained within the portal system
poor oxygen but rich nutrients
Where does the portal vein form
junction between superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
What are the 3 portal caval system
esophageal with left gastric
paraumbilical with epigastric
superior rectal with inferior rectal
What occurrs with esophageal and left gastric portal caval anastomoses
esophageal varices
What occurs with paraumbilical and epigastric anastomoses
hemorrhoids
What occurs with superior rectal and inferior rectal anastamosis
caput medusae
Where will the SMV drain
portal vein
