ANS Flashcards
What structures are considered viscera
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
What is the role of GVE
control of the viscera
What is the role of GVA
sensory return from the viscera
What cell bodies are included in the ANS
cell bodies and axons of both GVE and GVA
How many neurons are used in GVEs
two
Where are the two neurons of GVE
Preganglionic is in CNS
postganglionic is in motor ganglion
What is a ganglion
collection of cell bodies outside the CNS
What is the embryological origin of ganglia
NCC
How do GVA axons travel throughout the body
course with GVE axons
How do autonomic axons travel
pre-existing pathways
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic
sympathetic
Where are sympathetics found
they go everywhere superficial and deep
What is sympathetic nervous system responsible for
fight or flight
Where is the sympathetic chain found
base of skull to the tip of the coccyx
What type of axons are found in white rami and what levels are they seen
preganglionic neurons
T1-L2
What type of axons are found in gray rami and what levels are they seen
postganglionic neurons every level (all 31 spinal cord levels)
Where are preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies found
IML of T1-L2
What are the 3 patterns of distribution of sympathetic axons
Ascending
Descending
To the body wall
What anterior roots contain sympathetic GVE axons
T1-L2
Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic GVE in ascending neurons
T1-T7
Where will organs of the head, neck, and thoracic cavity receive sympathetic innervation from
directly from the sympathetic chain via visceral nerves
Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic GVE in descending neurons
T5-L2
How will descending postganglionic sympathetic neurons distribute to the gut
on blood vessels
How will organs of the abdominal-pelvic cavity receive postganglionic sympathetic axons
pre-aortic ganglia
How do viscero-somatic reflexes occur
GVA returns the pain information from the organ back to the spinal cord, can cause somatic changes leading to reflex and somatic dysfunction at the same level
Where are the cell bodies of GVA axons
posterior ganglion (DRG)
What types of nerve fibers do main nerve trunks contain
GSE, GSA
GVE, GVA
What type of nerve fibers do motor branches contain
GSE
GSA
GVE
GVA
What is the function of GSE
innervate skeletal muscle
What is the function of GSA
innervate sensory receptors in muscle
What are types of sensory receptors
msucle spindles
golgi tendon organs
What is function of GVE and GVA
sympathetic axons innervate smooth muscle in blood vessels
What types of nerve fibers do cutaneous branches contain
GSA
GVE/GVA
What is the function of GSA in cutaneous nerves
give rise to sensory receptors in the skin
What is the function of GVE and GVA in cutaneous nerves
innervate smooth muscle in blood vessels, glands, and arrector pili muscles
What is parasympathetic function
rest and digest
Where do parasympathetics distribute
only to deep structures
Where do parasympathetics not go to
Skin
Where do parasympathetics originate from
Cranial sacral regions of CNS
What are the Cranial nerves
CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10
Where are parasympathetic ganglia found
wall of the organ
Where are preganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetics found
IML-like area in sacral regions of the spinal cord
Where will GVAs be found in parasympathetic nervous system
same level as GVE
What is a viscerotome
segmental innervation of the viscera
What is the viscerotome for head and thoracic organs
T1-T2
What is the viscerotome for intestines, stomach
T5-9
What is the viscerotome for pelvic organs
L1-L2
What leads to referred pain
somatic: sharp and localized
Visceral dull and poorly localized
Where does referred pain for the heart appear
left chest and UE
Where does referred pain for esophagus appear
sternum
Where does referred pain for liver and gallbladder appear
right neck and shoulder
Where does referred pain for stomach appear
overlying stomach and posteriorly on mid thoracic
Where does referred pain for pancreas appear
epigastric region and posteriorly on left flank
Where does referred pain for gallbladder alone show
Right hypochondriac region wrapping around posteriorly
Where does referred pain for spleen appear
Left hypochondriac region wrapping around posteriorly
Where does referred pain for liver appear
right hypochondriac region and wrapping around
Where does referred pain for jujunum, ileum, and appendix appear
umbilicus
Where does the bladder referred pain show
suprapubic region
Where does referred pain for large intestine show
suprapubic region
