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Cardiology > Pericarditis > Flashcards

Pericarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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2
Q

What are the main causes of acute pericarditis?

A
  • viral infections (Coxsackie)
  • post-myocardial infarction
    -early (1-3 days): fibrinous pericarditis
    -late (weeks to months): autoimmune pericarditis (Dressler’s syndrome)
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3
Q

What is the main viral cause of acute pericarditis?

A

Coxsackie B virus

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4
Q

What is Dressler’s syndrome?

A
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5
Q

What is the characteristic feature of acute pericarditis?

A

Pleuritic chest pain
–Worse on inspiration and lying down
–Better on leaning forward

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6
Q

What improves pericardial chest pain?

A

Leaning forward

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7
Q

What exacerbates pericardial chest pain?

A

Inspiration
Lying down

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8
Q

What are the other possible presentations of acute pericarditis?

A

Non-productive cough
Dyspnoea
Flu-like symptoms
Pericardial rub
Tachypnoea and Tachycardia

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9
Q

How is acute pericarditis diagnosed?

A

ECG

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10
Q

What changes would you see on an ECG of someone with acute pericarditis?

A

Saddle shaped ST elevation
PR depression (main)

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11
Q

What is the medical management of acute pericarditis?

A

NSAIDs and colchicine

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12
Q

What is the main aim in the management of acute pericarditis?

A

Treat the underlying cause

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13
Q

What is constrictive pericarditis associated with?

A

Tuberculosis

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14
Q

Which malignancies are associated with acute pericarditis?

A

Lung cancer
Breast cancer
Hodgkin lymphoma

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15
Q

What is the main ECG change that would indicate acute pericarditis?

A

PR depression

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16
Q

Which connective tissue diseases are associated with acute pericarditis?

A

systemic lupus erythematosus
rheumatoid arthritis

17
Q

What might you hear on auscultation if someone is presenting with acute pericarditis?

A

Percardial rub

18
Q

What investigation must all patients have if acute pericarditis is suspected?

A

A transthoracic echocardiography

19
Q

What would you check for in the blood of patients with suspected acute pericarditis?

A

Inflammatory markers
troponin (30%)

20
Q

How are the majority of patients with acute pericarditis managed?

A

They are managed as outpatients- unless they have a fever >38

21
Q

What should patients avoid until their inflammatory markers go down and symptoms resolve?

A

Strenuous physical activity

22
Q

What are the other possible causes of pericarditis?

A

Hypothyroidism
Uraemia
Trauma

23
Q

What might you find in the blood of someone with acute pericarditis?

A

Raised inflammatory makers (CRP, ESR, WCC)
Raised cardiac enzymes (e.g. troponin) if there is myocardial involvement

24
Q

What might you see on a CXR in someone with pericarditis?

A

Cardiomegaly

25
Q

What imaging would you use in everyone suspected of pericarditis?

A

Transthoracic echocardiography (TOE)

Cardiology (66 decks)

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