Heart Sounds

Question 1

What is S1 heart sound due to?

Answer 1

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve

Question 2

What is the S2 heart sound due to?

Answer 2

Closure of the pulmonary and aortic valve

Question 3

What is another term for the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve?

Answer 3

Systole (S1)

Question 4

What is another term for the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valve?

Answer 4

Diastole (S2)

Question 5

Where is the mitral valve?

Answer 5

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 6

Where is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 6

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 7

Where is the aortic valve?

Answer 7

Between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 8

Where is the pulmonary valve?

Answer 8

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 9

What might you suspect if the S1 heart sound is soft?

Answer 9

Mitral regurgitation

Question 10

What might you suspect if the S1 heart sound is loud?

Answer 10

Mitral stenosis

Question 11

What might you suspect if the S2 heart sound is soft?

Answer 11

Aortic stenosis

Question 12

What is a third heart sound due to?

Answer 12

diastolic filing of the ventricles

Question 13

When is a third heart sound considered normal?

Answer 13

< 30 years old (may persist in women up to 50 years old)

Question 14

What pathology can a third heart sound be associated with?

Answer 14

Left ventricular failure (e.g. dilated cardiomyopathy)
Constrictive pericarditis
Mitral regurgitation

Question 15

What is a fourth heart sound due to?

Answer 15

Atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle

Question 16

What pathology is associated with a fourth heart sound?

Answer 16

Aortic stenosis
HOCM
Hypertension

Question 17

Where on the chest would you auscultate for the pulmonary valve?

Answer 17

Left second intercostal space, at the upper sternal border

Question 18

Where on the chest would you auscultate for the aortic valve?

Answer 18

Right second intercostal space, at the upper sternal border

Question 19

Where on the chest would you auscultate for the mitral valve?

Answer 19

Left fifth intercostal space, just medial to mid clavicular line

Question 20

Where on the chest would you auscultate for the tricuspid valve?

Answer 20

Left fourth intercostal space, at the lower left sternal border