Mitral Stenosis Flashcards
What is mitral stenosis?
Narrow mitral valve obstructing the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle
What does mitral stenosis lead to?
Increased pressure within the left atrium, pulmonary vasculature and right side of the heart
What is the main cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic fever (Rheumatic heart disease)
How is the murmur caused by mitral stenosis described?
Mid-diastolic, low pitched “rumbling” murmur
What clinical presentations might you get with mitral stenosis?
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
Malar Flush
Atrial fibrillation
Loud S1, opening snap
Low volume pulse
What features would suggest that the mitral stenosis is severe?
- length of murmur increases
- opening snap becomes closer to S2
What could you possibly see on a chest x-ray of someone with mitral stenosis?
Left atrial enlargement
What heart sounds are associated with mitral stenosis?
Mid-diastolic, low pitched “rumbling” murmur
Atrial fibrillation
Loud S1, opening snap
What is the management of asymptomatic mitral stenosis?
Monitor with regular echocardiograms
How is mitral stenosis diagnosed?
Echocardiogram
What might you see on an echocardiogram with someone with mirak stenosis?
A ‘tight’ mitral stenosis implies a cross-sectional area of < 1 sq cm
What is the management of a symptomatic mitral stenosis if the valve is non-calcified?
Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy
What is the management of a symptomatic mitral stenosis if the valve is calcified?
Mitral valve surgery
What can occur along with the mitral stenosis?
Atrial fibrillation
What does mitral stenosis requires if it occurs with atrial fibrillation?
Anticoagulation with Warfarin
