Perception/neuropsychology

Question 1

sensation is…

Answer 1

receiving sensory information from the environment from sensory organs (such as nose, eyes, ears).
These translate energy into language for the brain

Question 2

Perception is…

Answer 2

the interpretation of the information receiving from the sensory organs

Question 3

process of perception

Answer 3

1. sensory organs absorb energy
2. that energy is transduced into a neutral signal
3. the neutral signal is sent throughout the brain for further processing

Question 4

primates are only responsive to a small part…

Answer 4

of the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 5

what does the cornea do?

Answer 5

it is transparent and focusses images onto the retina

Question 6

Cones VS Rods

Answer 6

Cones: colour, daytime, high resolution
Rods: no colour, night time, low resolution

Question 7

what does the ventral system do?

Answer 7

responsible for ‘what’
- pattern perception
- in the temporal lobe - damage to this causes decreased performance on object tasks

Question 8

what does the dorsal system do?

Answer 8

responsible for ‘where’
- spatial location
- parietal lobe - damage to this decreased performance on landmark tasks

Question 9

steps of information processing of visual neurons

Answer 9

simple to complex (builds a picture by breaking down objects into different stages)
1. rods/cones
2. retinal ganglion cells
3. lateral geniculate neurons (LGN)
4. V1 cells
5. V2 cells
6. Beyond V1

Question 10

Rods and cones are responsible for?

Answer 10

detecting changes in illuminations

Question 11

V1 cells are responsible for?

Answer 11

lines

Question 12

retinal ganglion cells are responsible for?

Answer 12

spots of light/dark

Question 13

V2 cells are responsible for?

Answer 13

specific lines of length

Question 14

LGN is responsible for?

Answer 14

spots of light

Question 15

Beyond V1 are responsible for?

Answer 15

complex shapes/stimuli

Question 16

retinotopic mapping is… and what is … it mapped onto

Answer 16

the point - to - point mapping of the external/visual world onto photo-receptors
retina, LGN, V1(up to V1)

Question 17

Receptive field

Answer 17

the area of the retina which, when stimulated by light, causes a change in the neural activity of the cell

Question 18

Lateral Inhibition

Answer 18

neuron sending units forward BUT while doing so it is inhibiting its neighbour

Question 19

lateral inhibition increases….

Answer 19

contrast allowing for increased sensory perception and reduced work for neighbouring cells

Question 20

the capacity for excited neurons…

Answer 20

to reduce the activity of their neighbours

Question 21

‘small light in a dark room’ is an example of what?

Answer 21

lateral inhibition
receptors on the retina central to the stimulus are activated/ excited
receptors peripheral to the retina send inhibitory signals

this therefore enhance the perception of the surrounding darkness

Question 22

herman grid illusion can be explained by

Answer 22

lateral inhibition
less black surrounding, creating emphasis on the brightness between intersections - creating illusion of the grey dots.

Question 23

how many rods / cones

Answer 23

rods: 120 mil
cones 7 mil

Question 24

What two structures in the eye are responsible for focusing the image on the retina?

Answer 24

cornea and lens

Question 25

monosynaptic stretch reflex

Answer 25

reflex that only contains one space for an action potential

Question 26

polysynaptic stretch reflex

Answer 26

complex reflex that contains many connections between neurons