behaviour

Question 1

what is behavior

Answer 1

an interaction with the environment

Question 2

what are the 2 behavior selected by evolution

Answer 2

reflexive behaviors and instinctual behaviors

Question 3

4 behaviors selected by experience?

Answer 3

• habituation
• classical conditioning
• operant conditioning
• observational learning

Question 4

what is habituation?

Answer 4

the decline in tendency to respond to stimuli that have become familiar due to repeated exposure.

Question 5

why is habituation important for survivial?

Answer 5

regular benign behaviour would affect our behaviour. Once we see that the threat is benign we can move on.

Question 6

learnt behaviors can look …?

Answer 6

instinctive

Question 7

what is instrumental conditioning

Answer 7

(operant conditioning)
- positive consequence increase likelihood of a response - and vice versa

Question 8

categories of operant conditioning

Answer 8

positive/negative - reinforcement/ punishment

Question 9

who is BF Skinner

Answer 9

created skinner’s box - with the rats and levers

Question 10

what is acquisition

Answer 10

Behavior shaped by successive approximations
- Positive and negative consequences of actions constantly shaping behavior repertoires.

Question 11

what is a fixed ratio schedule?

Answer 11

reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non-reinforced responses.

Question 12

what is a variable ratio schedule?

Answer 12

The reinforcer is given after a variable number of nonreinforced responses. (random amount of times)

Question 13

what is a fixed interval schedule?

Answer 13

reinforcer is given for the first response after a fixed period of time has elapsed.

Question 14

what is a variable interval schedule?

Answer 14

reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable time interval has elapsed.

Question 15

how do behaviours become more resistant to extinction?

Answer 15

When behaviors are only reinforced occasionally

Question 16

Premack principle - behaviour

Answer 16

behaviors are characterized as either high probability or low probability. Behavior is reinforced when it is followed by higher probability behaviors.

Question 17

what is observational learning?

Answer 17

occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others’ behaviour

Question 18

bandura doll experiment is an example of what?

Answer 18

observational learning

Question 19

what are the 4 key processes for observational learning to occur?

Answer 19

attention
retention
production
motivation

Question 20

what are the 4 key processes for observational learning to occur?

Answer 20

attention
retention
production
motivation

Question 21

what does ‘clever hans’ demonstrate?

Answer 21

while the animal is doing the task correctly – are they solving the task in the way we think or is it more a simpler form?

Question 22

what may be an issue with operant conditioning?

Answer 22

satiation - do not have the resources to reward all behaviour/ rat can only eat so much condensed milk etc

Question 23

Ratio depends on the …. and interval depends on ….

Answer 23

number of responses, passage of time

Question 24

what is partial reinforcement extinction effect?

Answer 24

Partial reinforcement schedules (FR, VR, FI, VI) provide greater resistance to extinction

(When behaviors are only reinforced occasionally, they are more resistant to extinction than behaviors reinforced all the time)