operant condtioning extras...

Question 1

side effects of extinction:
(x3)

Answer 1

• extinction induced aggression (rat bangs on the cage)
• extinction can cause increased responses before it is extinguished (rat bangs on the cage more when he isn’t reinforced)
• increase in response topography (rat tries different things to get the reinforcer)

Question 2

Problems using extinction - applied to real world
(x3)

Answer 2

• Inability to control all sources of reinforcement for the behavior (all family must ignore the kid, not just the parents)
• Failure to provide alternative (appropriate) behaviors leads to the same reinforcer – (parents too busy to give attention so the kid must act out)
• Spontaneous recovery (previous extinguished behavior comes back)

Question 3

is time out extinction?

Answer 3

NO

Question 4

premack principle - human studies (examples)

Answer 4

• to control classroom behaviour
• 2 schizophrenic patients

Question 5

tell me about premack’s principle in control classroom behaviour…

Answer 5

High probability behaviors were running, screaming, pushing chairs, and doing jigsaws.

Low probability behaviors were sitting quietly and attending.

Sitting quietly was followed by the sound of a bell and instruction “Run and scream”. After a while, was a signal to stop and engage in another low or high probability behaviour.

Question 6

tell me about premack’s principle in the 2 schizophrenic…

Answer 6

Reinforcers such as cigarettes, sweets, or fruit, had proved ineffective.

The high probability behaviour was sitting down doing nothing obvious.

Instructions + reinforcers worked the best - (took their chairs away to sit down and do nothing as the reinforcers).

Question 7

what is selective stimulus control?

Answer 7

tendency to ignore redundant information, even if it is relevant -environments are complex

Question 8

what happened when they used operant conditioning to train animals for advertising gimmicks?

Answer 8

animals behaviour ‘drifted’ to examples of instinctive behavior (eg: food gathering)

Question 9

examples of the clash between instinct and operant behavior

Answer 9

Rats easily learn to press level or to jump out of a box to avoid electric shock.

Is more difficult for rat to press lever to avoid shock.

Fleeing and freezing dominant responses for rats in defensive situations.

Question 10

thorndike’s law of effect?

Answer 10

The consequences of a behaviour determine whether the tendency to perform that behaviour is strengthened or weakened.

Question 11

how do you differentiate between VR and VI - and what number comes after

Answer 11

is it ratio or interval (responses or time)
- is it fixed or variable?
number comes after is the avg amount of time/responses

(if the question mentions time - it is interval - usually)

Question 12

why is the partial reinforcement extinction more effective than more reinforcement?

Answer 12

• learned that reinforcement follows nonreinforcement.
• Learned to persist in the face of frustration
• Discriminates that situation is different.