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Geography GCSE > People Of The UK > Flashcards

People Of The UK Flashcards

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1
Q

what is trade

A

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries.

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2
Q

What is a trade deficit?

A

the amount by which the cost of a country’s imports exceeds the value of its exports.

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3
Q

Define imports

A

the purchase of goods from another country

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4
Q

define exports

A

the selling of goods to another country

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5
Q

who do the uk import from

A

China - 13%
Germany - 11%
USA - 8.8%
Nertherlands - 6.4%

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6
Q

who does the uk export to

A

USA - 14.7%
Germany - 9.2%
Netherlands - 8.2%

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7
Q

What does the UK export?

A

Machienes, pumps, oil, vehicles

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8
Q

what is Employment like in the UK

A
  • The goverment encourage women to work by providing free childcare and employers can offer flexible working hours.
  • Increasing numbers of people are self employed or working flexible hours due to advances in technology as they can work from anywhere.
  • The uk has been de-industrailised meaning the tertiary sector has grown this is jobs such as education or healthcare
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9
Q

what is the life expectancy in the uk

A

The avarage life expectancy is 81 years old due to improvements in diet and healthcare. due to varying incomes life expectancy fluctuates over the uk being lower in the North and higher in the SE.

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10
Q

what is the avarage income in the uk

A

the avarage income is £26,500. Disposable income is what people live on once taxes, morgage and pensions are paid. The avarage disposbal income is £17,500.

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11
Q

what is ethnicity of the uk

A
  • There has been an influx of people from other countries coming to EU countries.​
  • Ethnic groups have settled in areas in the Uk providing a diverse range of shops and culture.
  • This diversity brings wealth of colour and traditions which can be hugely beneficial for an area.
  • However, some ethnic groups form distinct clusters in cities. With low incomes and limited job security ethnic groups may find themselves living in deprived area.
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12
Q

whay is the access to broadband in the UK like

A

​
Today almost 100% of household have access to the internet reflects the pattern of the Uk’s population with high availability in the large cities.

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13
Q

what is the eduation attainment in the UK

A

In 2015 in the Uk 68.8% of GCSE entries gained an A to C grade which was a slight increase from the previous year. London achieved the best grades of 72% achieved an A to C grade compared to just 65% in Yorkshire. There is a clear link between poverty an educational attainment. The most deprived areas with low income and high rates of unemployment tend to have lower rates of achievement.

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14
Q

reasons for uneven development (geographical location)

A

London is the centre of economic activity and wealth creation
Wealth of London extended into rest of the South East

Major trading centre and hub for business, finance and media as the use of technology means that London is interconnected with the rest of the world
Many rural areas remain remote and inaccessible

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15
Q

reasons for uneven development (economic change)

A

Closing of manufacturing industries has led to unemployment
Most recent change has been the rise of quaternary jobs - research, information technology and media
Before 1900, most people worked in farming, mining or related activities - the primary sector
Industrial revolution - growth focused around northern coalfields
London is a modern centre of financial services, media, research and creative industries

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16
Q

reasons for uneven development (infrastructure)

A

Construction of Terminal 5 at Heathrow in 2005
High Speed 1 Eurostar trains operating from London St Pancras (2007)
The channel tunnel has been a recent infrastructure change in 1994

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17
Q

reasons for uneven development (goverment policy)

A

Government investment in infrastructure projects such as Crossrail, the regeneration of London’s docklands and construction of Olympic site in 2012 have promoted economic growth in South

2015 - government announces plans for the Northern Powerhouse - Northern Powerhouse will see modern manufacturing industries specialising in the science and technology in cities such as Leeds

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18
Q

demograhic transition model stage 1

A

BR- high
DR - high
Natural increase - stable/slow increase
reasons for changing BR rate - many children needed for farming, no family planning, children die young
reasons for changing DR - famine, disease, poor medical knowlege

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19
Q

demograhic transition model stage 2

A

BR- high
DR - falls rapidly
Natural increase - rapid increase
reasons for changing BR rate - many children needed for farming, no family planning, children die young
reasons for changing DR - improvments in medical care, sanitation, water supply, few children die
EG - KENYA INDIA

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20
Q

demograhic transition model stage 3

A

BR- dropping
DR - low
Natural increase - gentle increase
reasons for changing BR rate - improved medical care, diets and water, fewer children needed
reasons for changing DR - Fewer children die, better sanitation and diets
EG BRAZIL

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21
Q

demograhic transition model stage 4

A

BR- low
DR - low
Natural increase - stable
reasons for changing BR rate - Family planning, women marrying later, putting career first
reasons for changing DR - good healthcare, reliable food supply
EG USA FRANCE

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22
Q

demograhic transition model stage 5

A

BR- low
DR - low but might be higher than BR
Natural decrease
reasons for changing BR rate - Family planning, women marrying later, putting career first
reasons for changing DR - good healthcare, reliable food supply
EG GERMANY

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23
Q

negatives of aging populations

A
  • more pensions to pay, less tax collected
  • strain on healthcare
  • people can’t live independently
  • strain on younger generation
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24
Q

postives of aging population

A
  • grey pound meaning they spend their money locally
  • large amounts of voluntary work
  • provide childcare for working people
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25
Q

Why does the UK have an ageing population?

A
  • ‘baby boomers’ born after WW2 are now moving into old age
  • improved healthcare prolongs life
  • reductions in smoking and awareness of healthy diet
26
Q

response to ageing population

A
  • People are being encouraged to save for their retirement.
  • The age at which people are retiring is rising.
  • Facilities such as nursing homes and care workers will be needed, perhaps in preference to schools and nurseries as the population gets older.
  • Educated and skilled migrants could be encouraged to fill labour shortages.
27
Q

What caused suburbanisation?

A
  • better quality of life way from the city
  • more for your money with houses
  • communting has become eaiser
  • green space
28
Q

social consequences of suburbanisation

A

better sense of community in the suburbs

29
Q

environmental consequences of suburbanisation

A

oppotunity for environmental improvements

increased air pollution in and out of the city

30
Q

economic consequences of suburbanisation

A

increased employement oppotunities

increased demand for local retailing

31
Q

Causes of counter-urbanisation

A 
high population density in the cities 
less congestion
shopping online is eaiser
increase value in housing
easier to work at home
32
Q

environemental consequences of counter-urbanisation

A

new homes have to be built on green spaces
high congestion
air pollution increase

33
Q

economic consequences of suburbanisation

A

increased employement oppotunities

increased demand for local retailing

34
Q

Causes of counter-urbanisation

A 
high population density in the cities 
less congestion
shopping online is eaiser
increase value in housing
easier to work at home
35
Q

environemental consequences of counter-urbanisation

A

new homes have to be built on green spaces
high congestion
air pollution increase

36
Q

economic consequences of counter-urbanisation

A

smaller local business can’t compete with chains
offer jobs to local reisdents
less poeple use local transport
cities can shrink

37
Q

Causes of re-urbanisation

A

lack of jobs
lack of services
students attend uni in cities then don’t leave
young people are more likley to find work
goverment investing in new developments

38
Q

social consequences of re-urbanisation

A

possible tensions between old and new reisdents

39
Q

enviromental consequences of re-urbanisation

A

new green area are being developed

40
Q

economic consequences of re-urbanisation

A

jobs created
tourism increase
new services replace old once

41
Q

What is immigration?

A

moving to a new country or region with the intention of staying and living there.

42
Q

What is emigration?

A

people leaving one country to reside in another

43
Q

Why might people leaving one country to reside in another

A
  • work
  • study
  • joining others
  • fleeing war
44
Q

total number of people immigrating to the uk?

A

1,622,735

45
Q

total number of people immigrating out of the uk?

A

640,842

46
Q

Social advantages of Immigration

A
  • introduction of different cultures including food and fashion
  • brings skills that may be in short supply
  • often keen to engage with local communities
47
Q

social disadvantages of immigration

A
  • can be tension between locals and other ethnic groups
  • housing shortage leading to social unrest
  • some people think the UK is already overcrowded and more people might add to urban pollution and congestion
48
Q

economic advantages to immigration

A
  • workers pay taxes
  • more money is paid in tax than given in benefits
  • immigrants often take low paid jobs
  • some are highly trained and well educated
49
Q

economic disadvantages to immigration

A
  • extra cost to healthcare and social services
  • house pricing and rent increase
  • money may be sent home and not spent in the UK
  • some people think immigrants are taking UK peoples jobs
50
Q

Where is Portsmouth

A
  • 75 miles SW of London
  • 87% of area is developed
51
Q

Describe the city of Portsmouth within the region

A
  • part of largest conurbation in South England
52
Q

Describe the city of Portsmouth within the Country

A
  • Mainline Railway connection
  • M275 connects it to the country
53
Q

Describe the city of Portsmouth within the wider world

A
  • 70% of UK bananas come through Portsmouth
  • serves 300 ships per year
54
Q

Describe the internationally migrated groups in Portsmouth

A
  • Chinese (from Hong Kong)
  • Indian (from common wealth links to Indian sub continent (Making up 3.5% of Portsmouth pop))
  • Polish (came in for storm shelter, liked it here and stayed)
55
Q

What is the population of Portsmouth like

A
  • 213,000
  • 51 people per hectare
56
Q

What is the culture like in Portsmouth

A
  • Historic dockyard with a military history
  • Gunwharf Quays
57
Q

What is housing like in Portsmouth

A
  • 45% terraced
  • 35% flats
  • 20% detached/semi-detached
    ——> student accommodation is also present = affect housing market
58
Q

What is the Ethnicity of Portsmouth

A
  • 84% white British
  • 1.8% Bangladesh
  • 1.4% African
  • 1.4% Indian
  • 11.4% other
59
Q

Describe waste in Portsmouth

A
  • 25% of household waste is recycled, reused or composed
  • the dense population makes it hard to manage the waste
60
Q

What is the issue with transport in Portsmouth

A
  • 64% of self-containment in Portsmouth
  • 40,000 people commute to the city for work
  • poor air quality as a result
61
Q

What are some of the sustainable strategies for overcoming the challenge of transport

A
  • better pedestrian access (by investing in walk and cycling routes)
  • integrating housing, employment development and transport infrastructure ( live near where you work so you don’t commute)
  • £2.5 million in funding to help address air pollution
  • 20mph speed limit

Geography GCSE (25 decks)

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