People Of The Planet Glossary Flashcards
Advanced country (AC)
countries that share a number of important economic development characteristics including well-developed financial markets, high degrees of financial intermediation and diversified economic structures with rapidly growing service sectors; ACs are classified by the IMF
Aid
a transfer of resources from one country to another, typically from a more economically developed country to a less economically developed country
Conurbation
a large urban agglomeration that results from several cities merging over time, forming a continuous urban area
Development
the state of growth or advancement whereby people and places improve over time
Emerging and developing country (EDC)
countries which neither share all the economic development characteristics required to be advanced or are eligible for the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; EDCs are classified by the IMF
Function
a role performed by something; in the case of a city, this may be administrative or related to a sphere of activity
Globalisation
the process whereby places become interconnected by trade and culture
Gross domestic product (GDP)
the total value of the goods and services produced in a country
Human Development Index (HDI)
A scale that measures development and gives a score from 0 to 1, with 1 being the highest
Industrialisation
the process whereby factories, industry and manufacturing increase and dominate
Informal sector
refers to jobs that don’t offer regular contracted hours, salary, pensions or other features of more formal employment; may refer to illegal or unlicensed activity
Infrastructure
the basic structures and facilities needed for a society to function, such as buildings, roads and power supplies
Internal growth
growth within a city that results from births among the resident population rather than people moving into the city
Low-income developing country (LIDC)
countries that are eligible for the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust from the IMF; LIDCs are classified by the IMF
Megacity
usually defined as a city that has a population of over 10 million, although the exact number varies
Migration
the movement of people from one place to another; may be voluntary or forced, permanent or temporary, domestic or international
Multiplier effect
the chain of consequences in which investment leads to wealth, which leads to more investment, leading to more wealth; a spiral of improvement
Population density
the number of people in an area, usually expressed as people per square kilometre
Primary industries
an economic activity that involves collecting raw materials, such as fishing, farming or mining
Pull factor
a positive factor that attracts people into an urban/rural area
Push factor
a negative factor that results in the movement of people away from an urban/rural area
Quaternary industry
work in the ‘knowledge economy’ that involves providing information and the development of new ideas
Rural-urban migration
the movement of people from the countryside into towns and cities; occurs as a result of push and pull factors relevant to both locations
Secondary industries
manufacturing industries; the number of people employed in this sector increases as a country develops
Services
a function, or ‘job’, that an ecosystem provides
Subsistence
only producing enough goods to meet your own basic needs, with no extra to trade
Tertiary industries
service industries and jobs such as teaching; very few people are employed in this sector in a developing country
Urban (built)
Refers to areas that have been built by people; towns and cities
Urban belt
an area of land which has become more urban in character
Urban forestry
the management of tree populations in urban environments
Urbanisation
the process of towns and cities developing and becoming bigger as their population increases
World city
a city considered to be an important node in the global economic system, and one which has iconic status and buildings, e.g. London and New York; also known as a global or alpha city
