People Of Psychology

Question 1

Garcia

Answer 1

Avoiding certain foods due to past nausea or vomiting (CC)

Question 2

Thorndike

Answer 2

Behaviors following reinforcement are more likely to occur in the future

Question 3

Watson

Answer 3

Little Albert experiment: a child could learn to fear a previously NS (behaviorism)

Question 4

Skinner

Answer 4

Operant conditioning and reinforcement

Question 5

Rescorla/Wagner

Answer 5

Associative learning: ideas and experiences reinforce each other and can be mentally linked to one another

Question 6

E.C Tolman

Answer 6

Rat maze; Latent learning

Question 7

Pavlov

Answer 7

Dogs could be conditioned to associate a NS (bell) with a reflexive response (salivation) by repeatedly pairing the two stimuli together (CC)

Question 8

Bandura

Answer 8

Bobo doll experiment

Question 9

Baumrinds

Answer 9

Parenting styles

Question 10

Erikson

Answer 10

Developmental psychologist:
- Theory of psychosocial development
- Eight stages of human growth, each
with a key conflict that influences
personality development.

Question 11

Piaget

Answer 11

Theory of cognitive development - 4 developmental stages: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 12

Ainsworth

Answer 12

Attachment Theory - Children and infants need to develop a secure dependence on their parents before seeking unfamiliar situations

Question 13

Vygotsky

Answer 13

Sociocultural theory - Cognitive development occurs as a result of social interactions

Question 14

Lorenz

Answer 14

Introduced the concept of attachment, and how animals become attached to a parental figure.

Question 15

Harlow

Answer 15

Contact comfort theory - infants have a biological need for physical closeness and comfort from their primary caregiver

Question 16

Patricia Devine

Answer 16

3-step process to individual prejudice reduction

Question 17

Leon Festinger

Answer 17

Cognitive dissonance

Question 18

Solomon Asch

Answer 18

Circumstances under which people conform

Question 19

Stanley Milgram

Answer 19

Measure the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience.

Question 20

Darley and Latane

Answer 20

Why don’t people always help others in need

Question 21

Rosenthal

Answer 21

Self-fufiling prophecy

Question 22

Robbers Cave (Sherif)

Answer 22

Intergroup conflict and cooperation

Question 23

Freud

Answer 23

Human behavior is driven by unconscious desires and experiences

Question 24

Alfred Adler (Neofreudian)

Answer 24

Social over sexual tensions; inferiority complex and superiority complex

Question 25

Karen Horney (Neofreudian)

Answer 25

Childhood anxiety over sexual tension; found psychoanalysis negatively biased against women

Question 26

Carl Jung (Neofreudian)

Answer 26

Archetypes and the process of individuation, emphasizing the need for psychological wholeness and self-realization.

Question 27

Abraham Maslow

Answer 27

Self-actualization

Question 28

Carl Rogers

Answer 28

Person-centered approach

Question 29

Gordon Allport

Answer 29

First to try to list and describe fundamental human traits rather than explaining them; traits are inherited and fixed in the nervous system; dictionary

Question 30

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

Answer 30

Used factor analysis to identify traits; genetically-influenced dimensions of personality

Question 31

William James

Answer 31

James’ instincts - attachment, fear disgust, curiosity, etc.