Hunger motivation 4.7c Flashcards
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
Glucose=fuel
As glucose decreases, hunger increases
Hypothalamus - The control center of drives
Gives you pleasure in doing the things to keep you alive
Hunger drive
Two areas of the hypothalamus, the lateral and ventromedial areas, play a central role in the hunger drive
Lateral area
Increase hunger, lesions to it reduce hunger drive
Ventromedical area
Decrease hunger, lesions cause animals to eat much more than normal, and gain weight
Ghrelin
Hormone secreted by an empty stomach
Insulin
Hormone that allows the body to use glucose for energy or fat production
Leptin
Released by “bloated” fat cells, an increase in leptin signals the brain to stop eating and increases metabolism
Orexin
Hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus
PYY
Stop eating hormones released by the intestines as food enters
Neuropeptide Y
Released by the hypothalamus when you’re hungry
CRH
Hormone in the hypothalamus that sends “I’m not hungry” signals to the brain
Satiation
The feeling when you feel full after eating
Basal metabolic rate
The rate at which the body uses energy for vital functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and body heat while at rest
Positive energy balance
Caloric intake exceeds calories expended for energy. The excess glucose converts into body fat
Negative energy balance
Caloric intake falls short of the calories expended for energy. Body fat stores shrink as the reserve energy in fat cells is used
Set point
The point at which an individual’s long-term weight is set at
Psychological factors that trigger eating
Memory, classical conditioning, positive reinforcement, prior learning experiences
Situational influences on eating
eating with certain people, serving size, cafeteria diet effect
Body mass index
A measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women
Obesity
BMI over 30
Factors contributing to being overweight
Highly palatable food, supersize it, cafeteria diet effect, positive incentive value, snacking, BMR, sedentary lifestyles
Biological factors in obesity
Genetic susceptibility, leptin resistance, weight cycling
