Problem Solving

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating info

Question 2

concepts

Answer 2

mental groupings to simplify thinking

Question 3

prototypes

Answer 3

mental image or example of a category

Question 4

convergent thinking

Answer 4

narrows the available problem solutions to determine the best solution

Question 5

divergent thinking

Answer 5

expands the number of possible problem solutions

Question 6

Sternberg’s 5 components of creativity

Answer 6

1. Expertise
2. Imagination
3. Adventurous
4. Motivation
5. Creative environment

Question 7

algorithms

Answer 7

logical rule that guarantees solving a problem

Question 8

heuristic

Answer 8

make judgments and solve problems quickly

Question 9

insight

Answer 9

realization to a problem solution

Question 10

fixation

Answer 10

inability to see a problem from a new perspective - block

Question 11

mental set

Answer 11

type of fixation - approach a problem with previously successful methods

Question 12

intuition

Answer 12

fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts

Question 13

fallacy of positive instances

Answer 13

rare events can cause us to overestimate the likelihood of reoccurrence

Question 14

representative heuristic

Answer 14

judging two things to be similar

Question 15

availability heuristic

Answer 15

likelihood of events

Question 16

overconfidence bias

Answer 16

tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 17

belief perseverance bias

Answer 17

rejecting something due to the lingering of an initial conception

Question 18

additive model

Answer 18

systematically evaluate the important features of each alternative

Question 19

dunning-kruger effect

Answer 19

people less skilled at a task suffer from the most overconfidence