Penn Flashcards
What T cell type activates eosinophils?
Th2
T helper
NK cell cytokine?
IFN-gamma
Delayed type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by what kind of cells?
T cell mediated
What are the respective CD types of MHC I and MHC II?
MHC II -> CD4+
MHC I -> CD8+
Pyrogenic/fever cytokines
IL-1, IL-6, TNFa (IL-2?)
What is: Alpha2 macroglobulin?
Large protease inhibitor
B cell markers? (As in B cell lymphoma)
CD45 (all leukocytes), CD21, CD79
MHC associated with APCs? (antigen presenting cells)
MHC II
What are leukotrienes and how do they influence mast cells?
Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators released by the cell. The stimulate release of chemokines from mast cells.
Test for chronic masticatory muscle myositis?
2M antibody test
Most common acute phase protein in the cat?
Definitely: SAA (serum amyloid A), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
Maybe: Haptoglobin, CRP
False positive for proteinuria?
Alkaline urine
Ureteral obstruction cat tx?
Sx vs SUB
Persistent UPC of 0.5 with IRIS stage 3 cat tx?
UPS > 0.5, repeatable, recheck UCS is negative
Start enalapril
Diet for calcium oxalate?
Promote hydration
+ potassium citrate?
What protein is highest with UPC of 6.5?
Albumin
Effect of PTH on Ca in kidneys?
Reabsorption
What nerve innervates the external urethral sphincter?
Pudendal
Glomerular disease least responsive to immunosuppression?
Amyloid vs FSGS
Polyuria in CKD - type of diuresis?
Osmotic diuresis
Pythium mode of transmission?
Enters through the wounds in skin
Merozoites cause what reaction with Babesia?
Hemolysis
What are the reservoirs of Staph aureus?
Horses and dogs
Treatment for cytauxzoon?
Azithromycin and atovoquone
Treatment for Babesia Gibsoni?
Treatment for Babesia Canis?
Gibsoni: Atovoquone and azithromycin
Canis: Imidocarb
Treatment for tritrichomonas?
Ronidazole
Gram negative pleural effusion in a cat? Agent and tx
Pasteurella, amoxicillin
Acid fast positive pleural effusion? Agent and treatment?
Nocardia, TMS
What enzyme converts H2O2 to bactericidal bleach?
Myeloperoxidase
What agent would cause morulae in a neutrophil?
A. phagocytophilum
Toxo type of antibody
IgM with FIV+
What is a mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis
Transplacental
What are the infectious stages of Babesia?
Sporozoites - infective
Merozoites - circulating
What is the cause of effusion in FIP?
Macrophages produce VEGF and this causes effusion
What life stage causes disease in Cytauxzoon?
Schizonts clogging BVs
Treatment of HUC?
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis?
Baytril
Nocardia -> cytology findings and treatment?
Cytology: acid fast, filamentous, Tx: TMS
What is the best diet for a cat with diabetes mellitus?
high protein, low carb
In which cells type do FIP replicate in high viral load?
Macrophages?
What is the initial step in the classical complement?
C1 with Ab/Ag complex
How do cytotoxic T cells kill? NK too.
Perforins
How does apoptosis occur?
It is a non-inflammatory process mediated by caspase-9
What is a property of cytokines?
Their local/systemic effects
How are gram-negative bacteria recognized by the organism?
TLR4 (toll-like receptor) recognizes LPS (bacterial lipopolysaccharide)
What cell lines decrease with FIV/FeLV
CD4+
How do cancerous cells get killed?
NK cells
What type of immunoglobulin is on the respiratory epithelium?
IgA
If given the sensitivity and specificity, how do you calculate the accuracy?
TP+TN / total
Test for chronic masticatory muscle myositis
2M antibodies
What is a potent stimulant of thirst?
Hemorrhage
What is the order of enzymes with respiratory burst?
NADPH oxidase
SOD
Myelop
How is copper transported in plasma?
ceruloplasmin
What CD is associated with CLAD (canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome)?
CD18
You see a cat with ventroflexion that is fed a fish based diet, what is a possible cause?
Vitamine B1 (thiamine) deficiency
