Penn

Question 1

What T cell type activates eosinophils?

Answer 1

Th2

T helper

Question 2

NK cell cytokine?

Answer 2

IFN-gamma

Question 3

Delayed type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by what kind of cells?

Answer 3

T cell mediated

Question 4

What are the respective CD types of MHC I and MHC II?

Answer 4

MHC II -> CD4+

MHC I -> CD8+

Question 5

Pyrogenic/fever cytokines

Answer 5

IL-1, IL-6, TNFa (IL-2?)

Question 6

What is: Alpha2 macroglobulin?

Answer 6

Large protease inhibitor

Question 7

B cell markers? (As in B cell lymphoma)

Answer 7

CD45 (all leukocytes), CD21, CD79

Question 8

MHC associated with APCs? (antigen presenting cells)

Answer 8

MHC II

Question 9

What are leukotrienes and how do they influence mast cells?

Answer 9

Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators released by the cell. The stimulate release of chemokines from mast cells.

Question 10

Test for chronic masticatory muscle myositis?

Answer 10

2M antibody test

Question 11

Most common acute phase protein in the cat?

Answer 11

Definitely: SAA (serum amyloid A), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
Maybe: Haptoglobin, CRP

Question 12

False positive for proteinuria?

Answer 12

Alkaline urine

Question 13

Ureteral obstruction cat tx?

Answer 13

Sx vs SUB

Question 14

Persistent UPC of 0.5 with IRIS stage 3 cat tx?

UPS > 0.5, repeatable, recheck UCS is negative

Answer 14

Start enalapril

Question 15

Diet for calcium oxalate?

Answer 15

Promote hydration

+ potassium citrate?

Question 16

What protein is highest with UPC of 6.5?

Answer 16

Albumin

Question 17

Effect of PTH on Ca in kidneys?

Answer 17

Reabsorption

Question 18

What nerve innervates the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 18

Pudendal

Question 19

Glomerular disease least responsive to immunosuppression?

Answer 19

Amyloid vs FSGS

Question 20

Polyuria in CKD - type of diuresis?

Answer 20

Osmotic diuresis

Question 21

Pythium mode of transmission?

Answer 21

Enters through the wounds in skin

Question 22

Merozoites cause what reaction with Babesia?

Answer 22

Hemolysis

Question 23

What are the reservoirs of Staph aureus?

Answer 23

Horses and dogs

Question 24

Treatment for cytauxzoon?

Answer 24

Azithromycin and atovoquone

Question 25

Treatment for Babesia Gibsoni? | Treatment for Babesia Canis?

Answer 25

Gibsoni: Atovoquone and azithromycin Canis: Imidocarb

Question 26

Treatment for tritrichomonas?

Answer 26

Ronidazole

Question 27

Gram negative pleural effusion in a cat? Agent and tx

Answer 27

Pasteurella, amoxicillin

Question 28

Acid fast positive pleural effusion? Agent and treatment?

Answer 28

Nocardia, TMS

Question 29

What enzyme converts H2O2 to bactericidal bleach?

Answer 29

Myeloperoxidase

Question 30

What agent would cause morulae in a neutrophil?

Answer 30

A. phagocytophilum

Question 31

Toxo type of antibody

Answer 31

IgM with FIV+

Question 32

What is a mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis

Answer 32

Transplacental

Question 33

What are the infectious stages of Babesia?

Answer 33

Sporozoites - infective | Merozoites - circulating

Question 34

What is the cause of effusion in FIP?

Answer 34

Macrophages produce VEGF and this causes effusion

Question 35

What life stage causes disease in Cytauxzoon?

Answer 35

Schizonts clogging BVs

Question 36

Treatment of HUC? | Histiocytic ulcerative colitis?

Answer 36

Baytril

Question 37

Nocardia -> cytology findings and treatment?

Answer 37

Cytology: acid fast, filamentous, Tx: TMS

Question 38

What is the best diet for a cat with diabetes mellitus?

Answer 38

high protein, low carb

Question 39

In which cells type do FIP replicate in high viral load?

Answer 39

Macrophages?

Question 40

What is the initial step in the classical complement?

Answer 40

C1 with Ab/Ag complex

Question 41

How do cytotoxic T cells kill? NK too.

Answer 41

Perforins

Question 42

How does apoptosis occur?

Answer 42

It is a non-inflammatory process mediated by caspase-9

Question 43

What is a property of cytokines?

Answer 43

Their local/systemic effects

Question 44

How are gram-negative bacteria recognized by the organism?

Answer 44

TLR4 (toll-like receptor) recognizes LPS (bacterial lipopolysaccharide)

Question 45

What cell lines decrease with FIV/FeLV

Answer 45

CD4+

Question 46

How do cancerous cells get killed?

Answer 46

NK cells

Question 47

What type of immunoglobulin is on the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 47

IgA

Question 48

If given the sensitivity and specificity, how do you calculate the accuracy?

Answer 48

TP+TN / total

Question 49

Test for chronic masticatory muscle myositis

Answer 49

2M antibodies

Question 50

What is a potent stimulant of thirst?

Answer 50

Hemorrhage

Question 51

What is the order of enzymes with respiratory burst?

Answer 51

NADPH oxidase SOD Myelop

Question 52

How is copper transported in plasma?

Answer 52

ceruloplasmin

Question 53

What CD is associated with CLAD (canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome)?

Answer 53

CD18

Question 54

You see a cat with ventroflexion that is fed a fish based diet, what is a possible cause?

Answer 54

Vitamine B1 (thiamine) deficiency