GI, liver, pancreas

Question 1

Trypsinogen activation?

Answer 1

Enterokinase (enteropeptidase)

Question 2

Parietals cells use large amounts of energy to secrete what?

Answer 2

HCl + intrinsic factor

Question 3

Effect of gastrin?

Answer 3

Stimulates growth of gastric mucosa + increased gastric H+ secretion by parietal cells

Question 4

What substance is the release increased by fat, protein/aminoacids and high osmolarity in the duodenum?

Answer 4

CCK

Question 5

What stimulates gastric parietal secretion?

Answer 5

gastrin, vagal stimulation, histamine

Question 6

What stimulates pancreatic stimulation?

Answer 6

ACh (also CCK and secretin)

Question 7

What is the gastrocolic reflex?

Answer 7

Food in the stomach = increased frequency of mass movements
Rapid parasympathetic component when stomach is distended with food
Slower hormonal component mediated by CCK and gastrin

Question 8

How is iron transported in the GI tract?

Answer 8

Apotransferrin

Question 9

What does B12 absorption require?

Answer 9

Intrinsic factor

Question 10

What is the action of secretin?

Answer 10

Increase pancreatic and biliary bicarb secretion, decrease gastric H+ secretion.

Question 11

Perianal fistula is associated with?

Answer 11

Colitis?

Question 12

Increased ALP with normal GGT in a cat?

Answer 12

Hepatic lipidosis

Question 13

Signs of HE in cats?

Answer 13

Seizures, ptyalism

Question 14

What is a cause of pre-hepatic portal hypertension?

Answer 14

Portal vein hypoplasia/atresia/thrombosis
Hepatic: cirrhosis
Post-hepatic: budd-chiari syndrome/pericarditis

Question 15

Most specific cholestatic enzyme excluding cats?

Answer 15

GGT

Question 16

If a patient is hypoalbuminemic, how can you differentiate between PLE and hepatic?

Answer 16

Bile acids

Question 17

What organ is affected in blue green algae toxicosis?

Answer 17

Liver

Question 18

Silybin is used in the treatment of what toxicity?

Answer 18

Amanita mushroom

Silybin (milk thistle)

Question 19

Dog with chronic weight loss and diarrhea. Testing shows low cobalamin, normal TLI/folate/PLI.

Answer 19

Inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 20

Old beagle with mild abdominal pain and inappetence, hypoglycemia on bloodwork and mass in stomach.

Answer 20

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 21

What is found in the stomach of faster horses and dogs?

Answer 21

Intrinsic factor

Question 22

Cat that hasn’t eaten well for 10 days, given bloodwork showing ALT 200s, ALP 600s, GGT 7, TBili 4; most likely diagnosis?

Answer 22

Hepatic lipidosis

Question 23

Poodle with elevated ALT, ALP, mild hypoalbuminemia, elevated TBili, normal BUN/crea.

Answer 23

Aflatoxicosis

Question 24

What is the most common action by the liver in phase II drug metabolism?

Answer 24

Glucuronidation ?

Question 25

Treatment of choice for Boxer with histolytic ulcerative colitis?

Answer 25

Enrofloxacin

Question 26

What first line treatment has the highest initial response rate for perianal fistulas?

Answer 26

Cyclosporine

Question 27

Which hormone triggers food intake?

Answer 27

Ghrelin

Question 28

What is stimulated with acid in the duodenum, fatty acids and something else?

Answer 28

ACh is released in response to H+, FA and AAs in duodenum.

Question 29

What is required for release of ALP from biliary epithelial cells?

Answer 29

Bile salts

Question 30

What is the most common T cell in IBD?

Answer 30

CD3+