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Medicine exam > Oncology, Hematology and Immunology > Flashcards

Oncology, Hematology and Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

9 yo with coombs negative hemolytic anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, mildly elevated bilirubin. Most likely diagnosis?

A

Histiocytic neoplasia

Hemophagocytic histolytic sarcoma

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2
Q

Which chemotherapeutic agent crosses BBB/reaches therapeutic concentrations in the CNS?

A

Cytosar (others include hydroxyurea, CCNU/lomustine, procarbazine)

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3
Q

Collie needs chemo while awaiting MDR mutation testing. Which drug is safe to use?
Which is not safe?

A

Cyclophosphamide -> not p glycoprotein substrate

Doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, vincristine, taxanes

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4
Q

First line of tx for a dog with splenic mass, HCT 35%, Plt 950000, mildly elevated PT/PTT between heparin, RBC transfusion, platt concentration.

A

IV fluids

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5
Q

Mitoxantrone MOA

A

Inhibits topoisomerase II and also causes intercalation of DNA

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6
Q

Most common tumor of cats (skin?)

A

Basal cell tumor

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7
Q

Patient with suspected mast cell tumor that does not stain with aqueous quick stains, what is next step/stain?

A

Giemsa

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8
Q

Feline blood typic - What is Type A compared to B?

A

Dominant

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9
Q

Most antigenic blood type in the dog?

A

DEA 1.1

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10
Q

Which disease can interfere with platelet function?

A

Multiple myeloma (not vWB?)

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11
Q

Where is most of the body’s iron?

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

If a patient has hemolysis of RBC following a transfusion, which type of HS is involved?
What are the other types of HS with examples?

A

Type II hypersensitivity - Ab mediated destruction. Other examples of Type II - IMHA + myasthenia. Type II is cytotoxic, IgG, NK cells + complement
Type I HS - anaphylaxis, IgE, mast cell activation
Type III HS - Immune complex, IgG, IMGN + leishmania
Type IV HS - delayed, T helper cells, TB reaction + allergic contact dermatitis

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13
Q

What results in a high serum iron?

A

Hemolysis

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14
Q

In which condition do you see microcytosis before hypochromia?

A

Iron deficiency

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15
Q

Gompertzian growth: smaller tumors grow _____ than larger tumors and are _____ susceptible to chemotherapy.

A

Faster, more
Gompertzian growth curve - tumors start off with exponential growth that then slows as they get larger. Smaller tumors have cells that are rapidly dividing so they are more susceptive to chemo.

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16
Q

What is more consistent finding in a patient with a stress leukogram?

A

Lymphopenia

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17
Q

Which immunosuppressant medication targets mTOR?

A

Sirolimus (rapamycin)

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18
Q

PARR results with multiple bands in a dog with lymphadenopathy

A

Inflammatory dz

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19
Q

What determines the specificity of PCR?

A

Primers

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20
Q

Where does oxygen bind to RBC?

A

Fe2+

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21
Q

What is the most common secondary brain tumor?

A

Hemangiosarcoma

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22
Q

Adult beagle with a 1 month history of vomiting and inappetence. BW shows hypoglycemia and au shows stomach mass. Most likely diagnosis?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

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23
Q

Findings on a coag/blood panel with hemophilia A?
Mode of transmission?
Which factor is deficient?

A

Prolonged aPTT only
X-linked recessive - male only
Factor VIII

24
Q

Red blood cell changes with iron deficiency anemia?

A

Microcytosis first, then hypochromia

25
Q

MOA heparin

A

Potentiates Anti-thrombin

26
Q

Hemothorax with increased PTT and PT and mild thrombocytopenia

A

Rodenticide

27
Q

What change would you see in the red blood cells with chronic bleeding?

A

Microcytosis

28
Q

What is the endothelial anticoagulant

A

Thrombomodulin

29
Q

What is the morphology of RBC in IMHA and what type of hypersensitivity reaction is IMHA?

A

Spherocytes

Type II HS

30
Q

What is a potential clinical laboratory finding in a dog with thrombocytosis?

A

Pseudohyperkalemia if using serum to measure K

31
Q

Question about hemolytic transfusion due to what canine blood type

A

?

32
Q

Which cells are most sensitive to radiation?

A

Lymphoid

33
Q

What chemotherapy drug leads to arrest in metaphase?

A

Vinblastine (vinca-alkaloids, also vincristine)

34
Q

What is a marker for acute leukemia?

A

CD34

35
Q

What are some cytologic features of malignancy?

A

High N:C ratio

36
Q

Which chemotherapeutic agents may lead to allergic type reaction?

A

Elspar - pretreatment with benadryl

Doxorubicin - release of histamine

37
Q

What are some of the proposed mechanism of action of metronomic therapy?

A

Downregulation of Tregs cells.

Antiangiogenesis

38
Q

Most important factor for lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

Immunophenotype

39
Q

What is a prognosis factor for pituitary macro adenoma post radiation?

A

Resolution of neuro clinical signs

40
Q

What is the treatment of choice for mastocytosis (splenic) in cats?

A

Splenectomy

41
Q

Eosinophils associated with what type of response

A

Th2* - produce IL-5 which increases eos release from marrow and activates them once at the site of interest

42
Q

Sensitive diagnosis of masticatory myositis 6 weeks after swollen head.

A

2M antibody

43
Q

What would support an iron deficiency anemia on an iron panel?

A

Decreased saturation of serum transferrin levels.

?

44
Q

2yo dog with hemothorax - PT is more elevated than PTT, 80 000 platelets. Most likely dx?

A

Vitamin K antagonist toxicity

45
Q

Where is the site of NK stem cells?

A

Bone marrow

46
Q

What is produced in abundance by NK cells?

A

IFN-gamma

47
Q

What does cisplatin do to cats?

A

Pulmonary edema

48
Q

Type of immune molecule associated with IMHA?

A

IgG

49
Q

What does RDW represent on a CBC?

A

Red cell distribution width. Evaluates anisocytosis.

Measures how the sizes of red blood cells vary.

50
Q

What is a disease that can lead to decreased platelet function?

A

Multiple myeloma

51
Q

What is an indicator of neoplasia?

A

High N:C ratio

52
Q

In what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?

A

M phase

53
Q

What cell presents antigen to naive T cells?

A

Dendritic cells

54
Q

What endothelial property makes it anti thrombotic?

A

Expresses thrombomodulin (vs positively charges surface)

55
Q

Dog SQ mass cytology: clusters of polygonal cells with abundant cytoplasm, anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, etc. Diagnosis?

A

Carcinoma

56
Q

Life span of RBC in cat

A

70 days

57
Q

What are Pelger-huet and Chediak hidashi syndromes?

A 
Pelger-Huet = lots of bands (abnormal neutrophils)
Chediak= oculocutaneous - albinos with immune problems, prone to infections

Medicine exam (14 decks)

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