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Infectious Disease > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

PCNs have a long or short half life?

A

Short half life (< 2 hrs)

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2
Q

What could prolong the half-life of PCNs?

A

Renal dysfunction

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3
Q

(T/F) - If someone has a true hypersensitivity reaction to PCNs, other PCNs should be avoided

A

TRUE

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4
Q

(T/F) - If a reaction is not severe of PCNs, cephalosporins and carbapenems can be used

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Are PCNs poorly absorbed?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What side effect could most commonly occur in PCNs when taken orally?

A

Diarrhea

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7
Q

Natural PCNs have a good spectrum over which bacteria?

A
  • Group A and B strep
  • Treponema pallidum
  • Actinomyces [HACEK]
  • Peptostreptococci
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8
Q

Natural PCNs are the drug of choice (DOC) for?

A

Syphillis

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9
Q

(T/F) - Natural PCNs are a great empiric choice for most infections

A

FALSE - not a great empiric choice due to resistance to most infections

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10
Q

Other than natural PCNs being used for syphilis, what other condition could it be used for?

A
  • Susceptible strep

endocarditis, pharyngitis

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11
Q

Do natural PCNs have a broad or narrow spectrum coverage for susceptible infections?

A

Narrow spectrum coverage

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12
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCNs have a good spectrum over which bacteria?

A
  • Group A and B strep

- MSSA

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13
Q

What adverse events can occur with antistaphylococcal PCNs?

A
  • Interstitial nephritis

- Phlebitis

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14
Q

(T/F) - Antistaphylococcal PCNs are eliminated by the liver instead of the kidneys

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Are antistaphylococcal PCNs interchangeable therapeutically?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is the DOC for antistaphylococcal PCNs?

A

MSSA infections (endocarditis, skin/soft tissue)

17
Q

(T/F) - Vancomycin kills staph quicker than beta-lactams

A

FALSE - beta-lactams can kill staph quicker than vancomycin

18
Q

If a patient lacks a serious beta-lactam allergy and has an MSSA infection, what should be done?

A

Switch to an anti-staph PCN or 1st generation cephalosporin when possible

19
Q

Aminopenicillins have a good spectrum over which bacteria?

A
  • Group A and B strep and sensitive S. pneumoniae
  • Enterococci
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Peptostreptococci
20
Q

Which aminopenicillin has a great oral bioavailability?

A

Amoxicillin

21
Q

Aminopenicillin’s are utilized mainly for

A
  • Susceptible enterococci
  • Strep, susceptible gram (-) bacilli
  • URTIs (pharyngitis, otitis media)
22
Q

Which aminopenicillin is the DOC for susceptible enterococci?

A

Ampicillin

23
Q

How does ampicillin achieve a bactericidal activity against enterococci?

A

Ampicillin has to be combined with an aminoglycoside

24
Q

The combination of ampicillin with aminoglycoside should be done when?

A

In serious infections, such as endocarditis

25
Q

Antipseudomonal PCNs have a good spectrum over which bacteria?

A
  • Pseudomonas
  • Strep
  • Enterococci
26
Q

Antipseudomonal PCNs are active against which bacteria?

A
  • Streptococci

- Enterococci

27
Q

Are antipseudomonal PCNs commonly used alone or in combination?

A

Only in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitor

28
Q

Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors have a good spectrum over which bacteria?

A
  • MSSA
  • Group A and B strep and strep pneumoniae
  • Anaerobes
  • Gram (-) bacilli enteric and non-enteric
  • Pasturalla multicide
29
Q

Which beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor(s) have a good spectrum over pseudomonas (gram (-) bacilli non-enteric)?

A
  • Piperacillin/tazobactam

- Ticarcillin/clavulanate

30
Q

(T/F) - Beta-lactamase inhibitors combined with beta-lactams are active against ALL beta-lactamases.

A

FALSE - are not active against ALL beta-lactamases

31
Q

Which beta-lactamase inhibitor has a good activity against acinetobacter (highly drug-resistant GNR that causes nosocomial infections)?

A

Sulbactam

32
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanate is mainly utilized for which infections?

A

URTIs, LRTIs, UTIs

33
Q

Piperacillin/tazobactam and ticarcillin/clavulanate is mainly utilized for which infections?

A

Empiric Rx’s for nosocomial infections

34
Q

Beta-lactams/beta-lactamase inhibitors are greatly utilized for…?

A

“Mixed infections” because of their anaerobic activity

Infectious Disease (41 decks)

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