General: Beta-Lactams Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotic classes fall under beta-lactams?

A
  • Penicillin’s
  • Cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems
  • Monobactams
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2
Q

Which beta-lactam is structurally similar to the other antibiotics but lacks one of the two rings that other beta-lactams have?

A

Monobactams

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3
Q

(T/F) - Monobactams have little to no effect of cross-allergenicity with other beta-lactams

A

TRUE

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4
Q

(T/F) - Only a certain beta-lactams can cause hypersensitivity reactions such as fever, rashes, interstitial nephritis, and/or anaphylaxis.

A

FALSE - ALL beta-lactams can cause hypersensitivity reactions

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5
Q

(T/F) - Some cross-sensitivity can occur among beta-lactams

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Can seizures occur in any beta-lactam? If so, how?

A

Yes, by giving very high doses

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7
Q

If a beta-lactam is renally cleared and the patient has renal dysfunction, what should be done before administration?

A

Adjust the dose to avoid drug accumulation

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8
Q

(T/F) - ALL beta-lactams lack against atypical organisms

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Which beta-lactam is the ONLY drug that covers MRSA?

A

5th-generation cephalosporin: Ceftaroline

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10
Q

What is the MOA of all beta-lactams?

A
  • Inhibiting cell wall synthesis via inhibition of cross-linking of peptidoglycan in the cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death.
  • The beta-lactam ring of the drug forms a covalent bond with the proteins essential for cell wall synthesis (PBPs = penicillin-binding proteins) leading to bactericidal activity against sensitive bacteria
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11
Q

What ways are bacteria resistant to beta-lactams?

A
  • Production of beta-lactamase, an enzyme that inactivates beta-lactams
  • Alterations of PBPs
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12
Q

Why is MRSA resistant to most beta-lactams?

A

Due to the two types of resistant

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