General: Beta-Lactams Flashcards
Which antibiotic classes fall under beta-lactams?
- Penicillin’s
- Cephalosporins
- Carbapenems
- Monobactams
Which beta-lactam is structurally similar to the other antibiotics but lacks one of the two rings that other beta-lactams have?
Monobactams
(T/F) - Monobactams have little to no effect of cross-allergenicity with other beta-lactams
TRUE
(T/F) - Only a certain beta-lactams can cause hypersensitivity reactions such as fever, rashes, interstitial nephritis, and/or anaphylaxis.
FALSE - ALL beta-lactams can cause hypersensitivity reactions
(T/F) - Some cross-sensitivity can occur among beta-lactams
TRUE
Can seizures occur in any beta-lactam? If so, how?
Yes, by giving very high doses
If a beta-lactam is renally cleared and the patient has renal dysfunction, what should be done before administration?
Adjust the dose to avoid drug accumulation
(T/F) - ALL beta-lactams lack against atypical organisms
TRUE
Which beta-lactam is the ONLY drug that covers MRSA?
5th-generation cephalosporin: Ceftaroline
What is the MOA of all beta-lactams?
- Inhibiting cell wall synthesis via inhibition of cross-linking of peptidoglycan in the cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death.
- The beta-lactam ring of the drug forms a covalent bond with the proteins essential for cell wall synthesis (PBPs = penicillin-binding proteins) leading to bactericidal activity against sensitive bacteria
What ways are bacteria resistant to beta-lactams?
- Production of beta-lactamase, an enzyme that inactivates beta-lactams
- Alterations of PBPs
Why is MRSA resistant to most beta-lactams?
Due to the two types of resistant