Aminoglycosides Flashcards
(T/F) - Aminoglycosides have a narrow therapeutic index which could lead to risk of toxicities with improper dosing
TRUE
Aminoglycosides retain a good activity against which problem organisms that have developed resistant to other classes?
- Pseudomonas
- Acinetobacter
(T/F) - Aminoglycosides are excellent as synergy drugs
TRUE
Which drugs can be used to combine with aminoglycosides for a synergistic activity?
- Beta-lactams
- Glycopeptides
Which are the most widely used aminoglycosides?
- Gentamicin
- Tobramycin
If pathogens are resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin, what aminoglycoside can be used?
Amikacin
When are streptomycin and spectinomycin used?
Rare infections
- Such as tuberculosis and plague
What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?
Binds at the 30s ribosomal subunit blocking the bacterial protein synthesis leading to a bactericidal activity
What is the mechanism of resistance of aminoglycosides?
Inactivating aminoglycosides due to metabolism by enzymes produced by bacteria
Aminoglycosides have a good spectrum in which bacteria?
Gram (-) rods including pseudomonas
What are some common adverse events that occur in aminoglycosides?
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Neuromuscular blockade
When is nephrotoxicity a higher risk?
When trough concentrations are high
When is ototoxicity a higher risk?
When peak concentration are high and used for long term (> 2 weeks)
When is neuromuscular blockade likely to occur?
When given high doses of aminoglycosides in a patient taking paralytic agents too
(T/F) - Aminoglycosides have good distribution into tissues and lungs
FALSE - have a relatively poor distribution
