Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Candidiasis - Fungal Infection Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F) - Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and esophageal candidiasis (EC) are the most common opportunistic infection in HIV

A

TRUE

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2
Q

OPC and EC are mostly seen in what population?

A
  • Children

- Immunosuppressed

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3
Q

What is the most common fungal organism that can cause OPC and EC?

A

C. albicans

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4
Q

(T/F) - Candida is usually pathogenic in immune competent host

A

FALSE - not usually pathogenic

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5
Q

(T/F) - Loss of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity or neutropenia can let Candida convert to pathogenic hyphal phase

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What factors can cause a risk of OPC and EC to occur?

A
  • Drugs
  • Diseases
  • Age
  • Nutritional
  • Others
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7
Q

What drugs will be included as risk factors?

A
  • Immunosuppressants
  • Anticholinergics
  • Corticosteroids
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8
Q

What diseases will be included as risk factors?

A
  • HIV
  • DM
  • Leukemias
  • Other malignancies
  • Trauma
  • Burns
  • Xerostomia
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9
Q

What ages will be included as risk factors?

A
  • Neonates OR

- Advanced age

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10
Q

What nutrition will be included as risk factors?

A
  • Vitamin A and B
  • Iron
  • Folate
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11
Q

What other risk factors can be included?

A
  • Dentures
  • Radiation
  • ETT
  • Smoking
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12
Q

What signs occur with OPC?

A
  • Erythema
  • White patches of buccal mucosa, tongue, throat, or gums
  • No constitutional signs
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13
Q

What Sx occur with OPC?

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Mouth pain
  • Burning tongue
  • Metallic taste
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14
Q

What signs occur with EC?

A
  • Plaques may be edematous with ulceration in severe cases
  • Few to numerous white to beige plaques
  • Constitutional signs occasionally occur
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15
Q

What Sx occur with EC?

A
  • Dysphagia
  • Odynophagia
  • Retrosternal chest pain
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16
Q

How would OPC be treated in a mild condition?

A
  • Clotrimazole troches 10 mg given 5x/day for 7-14 days

- Miconazole mucoadhesive buccal 50 mg tabs to upper gum QD for 7-14 days

17
Q

How would OPC be treated in a moderate-severe condition?

A

Fluconazole 100-200 mg QD for 7-14 days

18
Q

How would EC be treated if the patient can be given PO products?

A

Fluconazole 200-400 mg PO QD

19
Q

How would EC be treated if the patient cannot be given PO products?

A
  • Fluconazole 400 mg IV QD for 14-21 days OR

- Echinocandins for 14-21 days

20
Q

Is prophylaxis recommended in patients for OPC and EC?

A

Generally, not recommended

21
Q

If a patient is recommended for prophylaxis for OPC or EC, which medication(s) are usable?

A

Fluconazole only