Penicillin Flashcards
What is beta lactum antibiotics
The antibiotics which contains beta lactum ring is termed as beta lactum antibiotics
What are beta lactum antibiotics ?
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Monobactum
Imipenem
Meropenem
Classification of penicillin ( very imp)
ACC TO SOURCE
ACC TP SPECTRUM OG ACTIVITY
ACC TO DURATION OF ACTION
ACC TO SOURCE
1)NATURAL PENICILLIN
A)Benzyl Penicillin [penicllin G] I/M
B)Phenoxymethyl penicillin [penicillin V] oral
2)SEMI-SYNETHETIC PENICLLIN
A) Anti-staphylococcal / Beta lactamase resistant penicllin = Flucloxacillin , Cloxacillin
B) Broad spectrum penicllin = Amoxicillin , Ampicillin
C) Extended spectrum /Antipseudomonal penicillin = Ticarcillin , Azlocillin , Mezocillin , Piperocillin , Carbenicillin
ACC TO SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
1) Narrow spectrum = Benzyl penicillin , Phenoxymethyl penicillin , cloxacillin , Flucloxacillin
2) Broad spectrum = Amoxicillin , Ampicillin C
3)Extended spectrum / Anti pseudomonal penicillin = Ticarcillin , Azlocillin , Mezlocillin , Piperocillin , Carbenicillin
4)Reverse spectrum = Pevmecillinam
ACC TO DURATION OF ACTION
1) LONG ACTING PENICILLIN = Procaine penicillin , Benzathine penicillin
2)SHORT ACTING PENICILLIN = Amoxicillin , Ampicillin , Azlocillin , Mezlocillin , Phenoxymethyl penicillin
S/N Beta lactum ring
Acts on bacterial cell wall
Bacteriocidal in action
Break down by Beta lactamase enzyme
It contains by = penicllin , cephalosporin, monobactum , imipenem, meropenem
S/N Beta lactamase enzyme
Bacterial enzyme
Breakdown the beta lactum ring
Inactivates the antibiotic action
It is produced. By resistance staphylococcus aureus ,Nisseira gonorrhoea, Hemophilus Influenza , Pseudomonas
Beta lactamase enzyme inhibitor
The drug which inhibits Beta lactamase enzyme activity.
It prevents breakdown of beta lactum ring .
It maintains antibiotics action
Beta lactamase inhibitors are = Clauvonic acid , Tazobactum , Sulbactum
M/A of penicllin
Penicillin
1) Inhibit transpeptidase enzyme ==> Inhibit cross linking of peptidoglycan==> Cell become porous and entry of water ==> Bacteria become swollen and burst out ==> Killing of bacteria ==> bacteriocidal action
2) Binding with penicllin binding protein ==>Inactivate bacterial cell membrane protein ==> Alteration of bacterial morphology ==> Killing of bacteria ==> bacteriocidal action Beta
Clinical uses of penicllin V Phenoxymethyl penicillin
RTI= pneumonia , bronchitis , tonsillitis , pharyngitis , sinusitis
RHEUMATIC FEVER ( prophylaxis for long time )
Skin and soft tissue infection = small cut injury , wound infection , cellulitis
Valvular heart disease for a long time
Prophylaxis in sub acute bacterial endocarditis
Amoxicillin / Ampicillin uses
RTI = Pneumonia , Bronchitis , sinusitis , pharyngitis , tonsillitis
GIT INFECTION = enteric fever, paratyphoid fever
SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTION= small cut injury , wound , cellulitis , ulcer , carbuncle , furunculosis
UTI = cystitis , urethritis , pyelonephritis
GENTIAL TRACT INFECTION = peuperal sepsis , septic abortion , gonorrhoea
OTHERS = osteomyelitis , endocarditis , septicaemia
Indications of Flucloxacillin , cloxacillin
Skin and soft tissue infection
Boil , abscess , furunculosis , carbuncle , wound infection , cellulitis
RTI = Pharyngitis
UTI
A/E of penicllin
1)Hypersensitivity ( Anaphylactic shock , Bronchospam , Hypotension , Rash , Fever , Steven Johnson Syndrome
2) Superinfection ( gingivitis , stomatitis , candidiasis )
3)Diarrhoea
4) Neutropenia
5)Eosinophilia
6)Vasculitis
7) Thrombocytopenia
Difference between amoxicillin and ampicillin
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Oral penicllin Injectable penicllin
Broad spectrum. Broad spectrum
8 hourly dose 6 hourly dose
More absorption/ Less
bioavailability .
Lesss chance of influenza and superinfection More chance
Spectrum can be enhanced by SULBACTUM. CLAUVONIC ACID
