Penicillin Flashcards
What is beta lactum antibiotics
The antibiotics which contains beta lactum ring is termed as beta lactum antibiotics
What are beta lactum antibiotics ?
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Monobactum
Imipenem
Meropenem
Classification of penicillin ( very imp)
ACC TO SOURCE
ACC TP SPECTRUM OG ACTIVITY
ACC TO DURATION OF ACTION
ACC TO SOURCE
1)NATURAL PENICILLIN
A)Benzyl Penicillin [penicllin G] I/M
B)Phenoxymethyl penicillin [penicillin V] oral
2)SEMI-SYNETHETIC PENICLLIN
A) Anti-staphylococcal / Beta lactamase resistant penicllin = Flucloxacillin , Cloxacillin
B) Broad spectrum penicllin = Amoxicillin , Ampicillin
C) Extended spectrum /Antipseudomonal penicillin = Ticarcillin , Azlocillin , Mezocillin , Piperocillin , Carbenicillin
ACC TO SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
1) Narrow spectrum = Benzyl penicillin , Phenoxymethyl penicillin , cloxacillin , Flucloxacillin
2) Broad spectrum = Amoxicillin , Ampicillin C
3)Extended spectrum / Anti pseudomonal penicillin = Ticarcillin , Azlocillin , Mezlocillin , Piperocillin , Carbenicillin
4)Reverse spectrum = Pevmecillinam
ACC TO DURATION OF ACTION
1) LONG ACTING PENICILLIN = Procaine penicillin , Benzathine penicillin
2)SHORT ACTING PENICILLIN = Amoxicillin , Ampicillin , Azlocillin , Mezlocillin , Phenoxymethyl penicillin
S/N Beta lactum ring
Acts on bacterial cell wall
Bacteriocidal in action
Break down by Beta lactamase enzyme
It contains by = penicllin , cephalosporin, monobactum , imipenem, meropenem
S/N Beta lactamase enzyme
Bacterial enzyme
Breakdown the beta lactum ring
Inactivates the antibiotic action
It is produced. By resistance staphylococcus aureus ,Nisseira gonorrhoea, Hemophilus Influenza , Pseudomonas
Beta lactamase enzyme inhibitor
The drug which inhibits Beta lactamase enzyme activity.
It prevents breakdown of beta lactum ring .
It maintains antibiotics action
Beta lactamase inhibitors are = Clauvonic acid , Tazobactum , Sulbactum
M/A of penicllin
Penicillin
1) Inhibit transpeptidase enzyme ==> Inhibit cross linking of peptidoglycan==> Cell become porous and entry of water ==> Bacteria become swollen and burst out ==> Killing of bacteria ==> bacteriocidal action
2) Binding with penicllin binding protein ==>Inactivate bacterial cell membrane protein ==> Alteration of bacterial morphology ==> Killing of bacteria ==> bacteriocidal action Beta
Clinical uses of penicllin V Phenoxymethyl penicillin
RTI= pneumonia , bronchitis , tonsillitis , pharyngitis , sinusitis
RHEUMATIC FEVER ( prophylaxis for long time )
Skin and soft tissue infection = small cut injury , wound infection , cellulitis
Valvular heart disease for a long time
Prophylaxis in sub acute bacterial endocarditis
Amoxicillin / Ampicillin uses
RTI = Pneumonia , Bronchitis , sinusitis , pharyngitis , tonsillitis
GIT INFECTION = enteric fever, paratyphoid fever
SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTION= small cut injury , wound , cellulitis , ulcer , carbuncle , furunculosis
UTI = cystitis , urethritis , pyelonephritis
GENTIAL TRACT INFECTION = peuperal sepsis , septic abortion , gonorrhoea
OTHERS = osteomyelitis , endocarditis , septicaemia
Indications of Flucloxacillin , cloxacillin
Skin and soft tissue infection
Boil , abscess , furunculosis , carbuncle , wound infection , cellulitis
RTI = Pharyngitis
UTI
A/E of penicllin
1)Hypersensitivity ( Anaphylactic shock , Bronchospam , Hypotension , Rash , Fever , Steven Johnson Syndrome
2) Superinfection ( gingivitis , stomatitis , candidiasis )
3)Diarrhoea
4) Neutropenia
5)Eosinophilia
6)Vasculitis
7) Thrombocytopenia
Difference between amoxicillin and ampicillin
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Oral penicllin Injectable penicllin
Broad spectrum. Broad spectrum
8 hourly dose 6 hourly dose
More absorption/ Less
bioavailability .
Lesss chance of influenza and superinfection More chance
Spectrum can be enhanced by SULBACTUM. CLAUVONIC ACID
Dif between ampicillin/amoxicllin and cloxacillin / flucocloxacillin
A+A. C+F
Broad spectrum. Narrow spectrum
Beta lactamase sensitive. Resistant
Effective in enteric fever. Effective in boil abscess
Effective in UTI. Not
Diff between Penicllin G and flucoxacillin
Penicillin G. Flucloxacillin
Natural penicllin Semisynthic penicillin
More potent. Less potent
Acid liable. Acid stable
Injectable Oral
Beta lactamase sensitive. Beta lactamase resistance
Justify the combination use of clavulenic acid and amoxicllin
Amoxicllin is a beta lactum bacteriocidal penicllin
Clavulenic acid is beta lactamase enzyme inhibitor
Clavulenic acid cannot inactive amoxicllin action
It increases the amoxicillin activity
It causes synergestic effect
