Cephalosporin

Question 1

Cephalosporin S/N

Answer 1

Beta lactum antibiotic
Broad spectrum bacteriocidal
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Question 2

Classification of cephalosporin Acc to the spectrum of activity

Answer 2

1st gen = cephradine , cefadroxyl , cefazolin , cephalexin
2nd gen = cefuroxime axetil , cefaclor , cefoxitin
THRID GEN = ORAL ==> Cefpodoxime , cefexime , ceftibuten
INJECTABLE==> Ceftriaxone , Ceftazidime , Cefotaxime
4th gen ==> cefepime ( injectable only )

Question 3

M/a of cephalosporin

Answer 3

Binding with penicllin binding protein==> inhibit cross linking of peptidogylcan ==> cell becomes porous and entry of water ==> bacterial becomes swollen and burst out ==> killing of bacteria ==> bacteriocidal action

Question 4

Clinical uses of cefuroxime // 2nd gen

Answer 4

RTI = pneumonia , bronchitis , bronchiectasis , COPD, Lung abscess , sinusitis

GIT INFECTION = enteric fever

SSTI = cellulitis , carbuncle , furunculosis , impetigo

ENT INFECTION = otitis media , tonsillitis , mastoiditis

GENITAL TRACT INFECTION = gonorrhoea , cervicitis , prostatitis

UTI = cystitis , urethritis , pyelonephritis

OTHERS = meningitis , osteomyelitis , septicemia , bacteriemia , prophylaxis in any surgery

Question 5

Uses of Ceftriaxone and cefepime

Answer 5

RTI = pneumonia , bronchiectasis , COPD, lung abscess

GIT INFECTION = enteric fever

Biliary and intra abdominal infection

SSTI = cellulitis , wound infection , furunculosis , impetigo

ENT infection = otitis media , tonsillitis with peritonsillar Abscess , mastoiditis

Genital tract infection = gonorrhoea , cervicitis

UTI = cystitis , urethritis , pyelonephritis

Others = meningitis , osteomyelitis , septicemia , bacteriemia , prophylaxis inn any surgery , infected burn

Question 6

A/E of cephalosporin

Answer 6

1)Hypersensivity = rash , fever , pruritus , anaphylaxis
2) diarrhoea
3) headache
4) dizziness
5)thromocytopenia
6)neutropenia
7) leucopenia

Question 7

Cephradin vs ciprofloxain

Answer 7

Cephradin. Ciprofloxacin
Cephalosporin. Fluoroquinolone
Acts by cell wall synthesis Acts by break down of DNA gyrase
Safe in children and pregnancy. Not safe
Safe in renal and liver failure patient. Not safe
Less effective in enteric fever More effective
High TI drug. Low TI drug