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Pharmacology > Anti Hypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Anti Hypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of anti hypertensive drugs

A

SYMPATHOLYTIC DRUGS
VASODILATORS
DIURETICS

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2
Q

Classification of anti hypertensive drugs

A

SYMPATHOLYTIC DRUGS
VASODILATORS
DIURETICS

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3
Q

SYMPATHOLYTIC drugs are

A

CENTRALLY ACTING

ADRENERGIC NEURON RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

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4
Q

Centrally acting drugs are

A

Alpha methyldopa
Clonidine

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5
Q

Adrenergic drugs are

A

Reserpine

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6
Q

Receptor blockers are

A

Beta blockers
Alpha blockers
Both beta and alpha blockers

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7
Q

Beta blockers are

A

Atenolol
Meteprolol
Nevibilol
Bisprolol
Propanolol

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8
Q

Alpha blockers

A

Prazosin
Terazosin

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9
Q

Alpha blockers used in BEP

A

Alfazosin
Tamsulosin

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10
Q

Both Alpha and beta blockers

A

Carvedilol
Labetalol

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11
Q

Vasodilators are

A

Arteriolar dilators
Arteriovenous dilators
Ca++ channel blockers
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers

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12
Q

Arteriolar dilators

A

Minoxidil
Diazoxide
Hydralazin

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13
Q

Arteriovenous dilators

A

Terazosin
Prazosin
Na nitroprusside

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14
Q

Ca++ channel blockers (ine)

A

Amlodipine
Clinidipine
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil

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15
Q

ACE inhibitors (pril)

A

Ramipril
Perindopril
Captopril

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16
Q

ARB (tan. )

A

Losartan potassium
Olmesartan
Valsartan

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17
Q

Diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Frusemide
Indapamide
Bumatanide
Spironolactone

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18
Q

Safe in pregnancy anti hypertensive drugs

A

Labetalol
Alpha methyldopa
Nifedipine

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19
Q

Pharmacological approach

A

Mild HTN = AC+ C + D or B

Moderate = D +B or AC +D

Severe = D+ B + Vasodilators

Malignant = D+B+ VD + C or Ace

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20
Q

A/E of methyldopa

A

Central =
Sedation
Headache
Depression
Dry mouth
Nightmare
Gyanomastia
Decreased libido
Galactorrhea
EPS
Decreased libido

Peripheral =
Bradycardia
Sinus arrest
Hepatotoxicity
Hemolytic anemia
Leucopenia
Thrombocytopenia

21
Q

Catergorization of beta blockers

A

Acc to receptor selectivity
Acc to intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Acc to membrane stabilizing activity

22
Q

Selective b blockers cardio selective

A

atenolol
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Acebutolol
Esmolol
Nebivolol

23
Q

Non selective beta blockers

A

Propanolol
Timolol
Nadolol
Sotalol
Nadolol

24
Q

Acc to intrinsic symapathomimetic activity

A

Pindolol
Acebutolol
Labetolol
Celiprolol

25
Q

Acc to membrane stabilising activity

A

MSA beta blockers = Propanolol Acebutolol metoprolol pindolol
Non MSA beta blockers = timolol nadolol sotalol

26
Q

Categorization of ca++ channel blockers

A

Acc to chemical structure
Acc to selectivity

27
Q

Ca channel Acc to chemical structure

A

Phenyl alkylamine = Verapamil

Benzothiazepine = Diltiazem

Dihydropryridine = nifedipine amlodipine nimodipine nicardipine

28
Q

Acc to selectivity

A

Cardio selective Verapamil Diltiazem

Vessoselective Amlodipine Nifidipine Nimodipine Nicardipine

29
Q

Pharmacological action of propanol

A

CVS = decrease HR , FC , A-V conduction , O2 consumption

Respiratory = Bronchospasm

Eye = decrease IOP

Kidney = decrease renin release

CNS = insomnia tremor restlessness

Peripheral vessel = cold extremity due to vasoconstriction

Metabolism = increase TG hyperglycemia

30
Q

M/A of Propanolol

A

HEART
(-) chronotropic action (decrease HR)
(-) inotropic action ( decrease FC)
Decrease CO
Decrease BP

VMC

Decrease sympathetic discharge
(-) vasoconstriction
Decrease BP

Kidney
Decrease renin release
Decrease aldosterone secretion
Decrease blood volume
Decrease BP

31
Q

Indications of Propanolol

A

HTN
Angina
Cardiac arrhythmia
Post MI
Hyperthyroidism
Pheochromocytoma
Anxiety
Headache
Migraine
Essential tremor
Glaucoma

32
Q

A/E of Propanolol

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Heart block
Cardiac failure
Bronchospasm
Dsylipidemia
Hyperglycemia
Cold extremity
Sexual interference

33
Q

Contraindications of Propanolol

A

Cardiac failure
Heart block
Bronchial asthma
DM
Bradycardia
Hypotension

34
Q

Propanolol contraindications in DM

A

(-) release of insulin and blocks B cells of pancreas
If development of hypoglycaemia with symptom of anxiety palpitations sweating Propanolol will correct these above symptoms ; so patient will go to hypoglycaemic shock without any symptoms of hypoglycaemia

35
Q

Propanolol contraindications in DM

A

(-) release of insulin and blocks B cells of pancreas
If development of hypoglycaemia with symptom of anxiety palpitations sweating Propanolol will correct these above symptoms ; so patient will go to hypoglycaemic shock without any symptoms of hypoglycaemia

36
Q

Atenolol is safer than Propanolol

A

Only B1 blocker so act on heart and decrease BP BUT Propanolol is both B1 and B2 blocker and decrease BP with more adverse effects

Can’t cross BBB so no CNS effect

No effects on B2 receptor so Safe in bronchial asthma and DM

Less chance of dyslipidemia

37
Q

Prazosin Alpha 1 blocker pharmacological action

A

CVS = decrease Bp
Others= eye miosis
GIT = diarrhoea
Ejaculatory failure
Flushing
Increase RBF

38
Q

Prazosin Alpha 1 blocker pharmacological action

A

CVS = decrease Bp
Others= eye miosis
GIT = diarrhoea
Ejaculatory failure
Flushing
Increase RBF

39
Q

Indications of Prazosin

A

HTN with atherosclerosis
Pheochromocytoma
PVD
CCF
Mitral or aortic valvular insufficiency
BPH
Causalgia

40
Q

A/E of Prazosin

A

POSTURAL HYPOTENSION
Failure of ejaculation
Diarrhoea
Flushing
Headache

41
Q

Anti hypertensive role of Prazosin

A

Alpha 1 receptor block in vein and arteriole
Vaso and vasodilation
Decrease BP

42
Q

Renin angiotensin aldosterone axis drugs

A

ACE inhibitors ( angiotensin converting enzyme = peptidyl dipeptidase )
ARB
Beta blockers
Direct renin inhibitor = Aliskiron

43
Q

Indications of ACE inhibitors

A

HTN
HTN with DM
HTN with LVH
HTN with MI

44
Q

A/ E of ace inhibitors

A

DRY COUGH ( due to bradykinin )
Hypotension
Hyperkelemia
Skin rash
Angioneuratic oedema
Glycosuria
Neutopenia
Hepatotoxicity

45
Q

Contradindicaruons of ace

A

ARF
Systolic Bp= less than 100mm Hg
Bilateral renal artery stenosis
Pregnancy

46
Q

How ace cause postural hypotension

A

No vasoconstriction
Venodilation
Decrease sympathetic discharge
Postural hypotension

So should be taken at bed time

47
Q

Indications of Amlodipine

A

HTN
Angina
Cardiac arrhythmia
HTn with br asthma
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Migraines prophylaxis
Systemic sclerosis

48
Q

A/E of Amlodipine

A

ANKLE OEDEMA ( except clindipine )
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Headache
Dizziness
Flushing
Palpitation
Cough / wheeze

49
Q

Contraindications of Amlodipine

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Heart block
A - V block
CCF
Liver disease
Heart block
Constipation
Gum hyperplasia

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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