Pelvis and Pelvic Floor

Question 1

False Pelvis

Answer 1

Above the pelvic brim

Continuos with the abdominal cavity

Question 2

True pelvis

Answer 2

Below the pelvic brim

Closed off below by muscular pelvic floor

Question 3

What are the bones of the pelvis

Answer 3

1 Sacrum
1 Coccyx
2 Ox coxae

Question 4

Sacrum

Answer 4

5 fused vertebrae

Question 5

What makes up the Ox coxae

Answer 5

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 6

What are the ligaments of the pelvis?

Answer 6

Pubic symphysis
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Obturator membrane
Interosseus ligament

Question 7

What are the muscles of the pelvis?

Answer 7

Piriformis m

Obturatur internus m

Question 8

Piriformis m

Answer 8

Anterior sacrum to greater trochanter
Passes behind the greater sciatic notch
Closes off the posterior/superior pelvic outlet
Arise in the pelvis to act on hip joint
Passes through greater sciatic foramen
S1, S2

Question 9

Obturator internus

Answer 9

Goes from the obturator foramen to greater trochanter
Covered with thick fascia and attaches to levator ani as tendonous arch
Arises in the pelvis to act on the hip joint
Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 10

How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis

Answer 10

Oval pelvic brim (heart-shaped in males)
Shorter pelvic symphysis
Much wider pubic arch
More fared iliac alac
Ischial tuberosities further apart
Sacrum is shorter and less curved

Question 11

What are the triangles that make up the perineum of the pelvis?

Answer 11

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

Question 12

Urogenital triangle

Answer 12

Passage of urinar and genital sustems

Made up of deep transverse perineal muscles and urogenital diaphragm

Question 13

Anal triangle

Answer 13

Passage of rectum and anus

Made up of pelvic floor muscles and pelvic diaphragm

Question 14

What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 14

Levator ani muscles

Coccygeus muscle

Question 15

What muscles make up the levator ani muscle

Answer 15

Iliococcygeus m
Pubococcygeus m
Puborectalis m

Question 16

What muscles assist the coccygeus muscle

Answer 16

Piriformis

Obturator internis

Question 17

Urogenital diaphragm

Answer 17

Anterior/inferior to pelvic diaphragm
Extends between the 2 pubic arches
Attached to perineal body
Deep transverse perineal muscles
Blends with sphincters of the urethra and vagina

Question 18

What pelvic viscera is common to both males and females?

Answer 18

Ureters
Urinary bladder
Rectum
Anal canal

Question 19

Ureters

Answer 19

Transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Cross external iliac vessels and descend into the pelvis
Travel to posterolateral aspect of urinary bladder

Question 20

Urinary bladder

Answer 20

Stores urine prior to expulsion through the urethra
Consists of smooth muscle (detrusor urinae)
Covered by peritoneum and supported by the pelvic floor

Question 21

Rectum

Answer 21

Located in true pelvis superior to the pelvic floor

Normally constructed by puborectal sling

Question 22

Anal canal

Answer 22

Emerges in the anal triangle inferior to the pelvic floor
Contributes with rectum at anorectal junction at the puborectal sling
Relaxes to allow defication

Question 23

What components make up the male pelvic viscera?

Answer 23

Vas deferens
Reproductive rgans
External organs

Question 24

What are the reproductive organs of the male pelvic viscera

Answer 24

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland

Question 25

Seminal vesicles

Answer 25

Joins the vas deferens to form ejaculatory ducts

Empties into prostatic urethra

Question 26

Prostate gland

Answer 26

Walnut sized

Between bladder and urogenital diaphragm

Question 27

Bulbourethral gland

Answer 27

“Cowper’s gland”
Pea-sized
Within urogenital diaphragm
Empty into penile urethra

Question 28

What are the external organs of the male pelvic viscera?

Answer 28

Penis
Testes
Spermatic cord

Question 29

Spermatic cord

Answer 29

Fascia sheath from inguinal canal into scrotum

Surrounds vas deferens, testicular nerves and vessels

Question 30

What are the major components making up the female pelvic viscera?

Answer 30

Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Uterine cervix
Vaginal fornix

Question 31

Ovaries

Answer 31

Primary female reproductive organ
Produces ova and female hormones
Encapsulated in true pelvis

Question 32

Fallopian tubes

Answer 32

Muscular tubes for transport of ovum to ureters
Opens channels from peritoneal cavity to uterus
4 different division

Question 33

What are the 4 divisions of the fallopian tubes (from uterus to ovary)

Answer 33

Isthmus
Ampula
Infundibulum
Fimbriae

Question 34

Uterus

Answer 34

About 7 cm long - can enlarge 20x during pregnancy
Usually anteverted over bladder, at right angle to vagina
Position changes with full bladder and pregnancy

Question 35

Uterine cervix

Answer 35

Inferior neck of uterus protruding into vaginal canal

Opens to vagina as external os and uterus as internal os

Question 36

Vaginal fornix

Answer 36

Circular gutter surrounding the cervix

Deeper posteriorly than anterorly

Question 37

What are the peritoneal specializations and ligaments of the female pelvis?

Answer 37

Suspensory ligament
Broad ligament
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament of the uterus

Question 38

Suspensory ligament

Answer 38

Peritonium covering ovarian vessels and nerves

Superior aspect of the overy

Question 39

Broad ligament

Answer 39

Peritoneum from fallopian tubes to uterus
Ovaries lies on posterosuperior side of ligament
Think of them as the uterus’ wings

Question 40

Ovarian ligament

Answer 40

Anchors the ovary to the uterus

Question 41

Round ligament of the uterus

Answer 41

Continuation of ovarian ligament

Passes through the inguinal canal to fuse with labia majora