Pelvis and Pelvic Floor Flashcards
False Pelvis
Above the pelvic brim
Continuos with the abdominal cavity
True pelvis
Below the pelvic brim
Closed off below by muscular pelvic floor
What are the bones of the pelvis
1 Sacrum
1 Coccyx
2 Ox coxae
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae
What makes up the Ox coxae
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
What are the ligaments of the pelvis?
Pubic symphysis Anterior sacroiliac ligament Posterior sacroiliac ligament Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrospinous ligament Obturator membrane Interosseus ligament
What are the muscles of the pelvis?
Piriformis m
Obturatur internus m
Piriformis m
Anterior sacrum to greater trochanter Passes behind the greater sciatic notch Closes off the posterior/superior pelvic outlet Arise in the pelvis to act on hip joint Passes through greater sciatic foramen S1, S2
Obturator internus
Goes from the obturator foramen to greater trochanter
Covered with thick fascia and attaches to levator ani as tendonous arch
Arises in the pelvis to act on the hip joint
Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen
How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis
Oval pelvic brim (heart-shaped in males) Shorter pelvic symphysis Much wider pubic arch More fared iliac alac Ischial tuberosities further apart Sacrum is shorter and less curved
What are the triangles that make up the perineum of the pelvis?
Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle
Urogenital triangle
Passage of urinar and genital sustems
Made up of deep transverse perineal muscles and urogenital diaphragm
Anal triangle
Passage of rectum and anus
Made up of pelvic floor muscles and pelvic diaphragm
What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani muscles
Coccygeus muscle
What muscles make up the levator ani muscle
Iliococcygeus m
Pubococcygeus m
Puborectalis m
What muscles assist the coccygeus muscle
Piriformis
Obturator internis
Urogenital diaphragm
Anterior/inferior to pelvic diaphragm Extends between the 2 pubic arches Attached to perineal body Deep transverse perineal muscles Blends with sphincters of the urethra and vagina
What pelvic viscera is common to both males and females?
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Rectum
Anal canal
Ureters
Transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Cross external iliac vessels and descend into the pelvis
Travel to posterolateral aspect of urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Stores urine prior to expulsion through the urethra
Consists of smooth muscle (detrusor urinae)
Covered by peritoneum and supported by the pelvic floor
Rectum
Located in true pelvis superior to the pelvic floor
Normally constructed by puborectal sling
Anal canal
Emerges in the anal triangle inferior to the pelvic floor
Contributes with rectum at anorectal junction at the puborectal sling
Relaxes to allow defication
What components make up the male pelvic viscera?
Vas deferens
Reproductive rgans
External organs
What are the reproductive organs of the male pelvic viscera
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Seminal vesicles
Joins the vas deferens to form ejaculatory ducts
Empties into prostatic urethra
Prostate gland
Walnut sized
Between bladder and urogenital diaphragm
Bulbourethral gland
“Cowper’s gland”
Pea-sized
Within urogenital diaphragm
Empty into penile urethra
What are the external organs of the male pelvic viscera?
Penis
Testes
Spermatic cord
Spermatic cord
Fascia sheath from inguinal canal into scrotum
Surrounds vas deferens, testicular nerves and vessels
What are the major components making up the female pelvic viscera?
Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Uterine cervix Vaginal fornix
Ovaries
Primary female reproductive organ
Produces ova and female hormones
Encapsulated in true pelvis
Fallopian tubes
Muscular tubes for transport of ovum to ureters
Opens channels from peritoneal cavity to uterus
4 different division
What are the 4 divisions of the fallopian tubes (from uterus to ovary)
Isthmus
Ampula
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Uterus
About 7 cm long - can enlarge 20x during pregnancy
Usually anteverted over bladder, at right angle to vagina
Position changes with full bladder and pregnancy
Uterine cervix
Inferior neck of uterus protruding into vaginal canal
Opens to vagina as external os and uterus as internal os
Vaginal fornix
Circular gutter surrounding the cervix
Deeper posteriorly than anterorly
What are the peritoneal specializations and ligaments of the female pelvis?
Suspensory ligament
Broad ligament
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament of the uterus
Suspensory ligament
Peritonium covering ovarian vessels and nerves
Superior aspect of the overy
Broad ligament
Peritoneum from fallopian tubes to uterus
Ovaries lies on posterosuperior side of ligament
Think of them as the uterus’ wings
Ovarian ligament
Anchors the ovary to the uterus
Round ligament of the uterus
Continuation of ovarian ligament
Passes through the inguinal canal to fuse with labia majora
