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Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of organization of the abdomen?

A

4- quardrants

9-regions

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2
Q

What are the planes in the 4-quadrant organization of the abdomen?

A

Midline plane

Transumbilical plane - horizontal at the belly button

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3
Q

What are the quadrants in the 4-quadrant organization of the abdomen?

A

Upper Right
Upper Left
Lower Right
Lower Right

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4
Q

What are the vertical planes in the 9-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Midclavicular planes - parasagittal

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5
Q

What are the horizontal planes in the 9-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Subcostal - just below the last rib

Intertubercular - runs between the ilium tubercles

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6
Q

What are the superior regions of the 9-region organization from the abdomen?

A

Right Hypochondrium
Epigastric
Left Hypochondrium

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7
Q

What are the middle regions of the 9-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Right Flank
Umbilical
Left Flank

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8
Q

What are the inferior regions of the R-region organization of the abdomen?

A

Right Groin
Pubic
Left Groin

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9
Q

What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall (from sup. to deep)

A 
Skin
Superficial fascia ) Camper's fascia
External Oblique m
Internal Oblique m
Rectus abdominus m
Extraperitoneal fat
Peritoneum
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10
Q

What layer of the anterior abdominal wall does the vasculature run through?

A

Superficial fascia (Camper’s fascia)

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11
Q

What direction do the fibers of the External Oblique muscle run?

A

The same direction as the fingers when hands are in our pockets

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12
Q

Aponeurosis of external oblique

A

Medial extension of the External Oblique muscle that connects it to the linea alba

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13
Q

Internal Oblique muscle

A

Deep to the ext oblique m
Fibers run perpendicular to the external oblique
Also has a medial aponeurotic extension

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14
Q

Rectus abdominus muscle

A

“6-pack muscles”
Fibers run vertically
Has tendonous intersections perpendicular to the muscle that connect it to the linea alba

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15
Q

Transverse Abdominus muscle

A

Deep to the rectus abdominus m

Fibers are parallel to the external oblique

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16
Q

Linea alba

A

A tendonous fiber that runs vertically down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall
Both obliques and rectus muscles have tendons that connect them to the linea alba

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17
Q

What is the Rectus Sheath?

A

Aponeurotic (tendonous) sheath that envelops the rectus abdominus and pyramidalis muscles
Has anterior and posterior layers

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18
Q

What makes up the Anterior layer of the Rectus Sheath superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of the external oblique and

Half of the internal oblique aponeurosis

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19
Q

What makes up the Posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of half of the internal oblique
Transverse abdominus aponeurosis
Transversalis fascia

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20
Q

What makes up the Anterior layer of the Rectus Sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeurosis of External oblique m
Aponeurosis of Internal oblique m
Aponeurosis of Transverse abdominus m

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21
Q

What makes up the Posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Transversalis fascia

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22
Q

What are the different Infraumbilical Peritoneal folds?

A

Median Umbilical Fold (most medial)
Medial Umbilical Folds
Lateral Umbilical Folds

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23
Q

Median Umbilical Fold

A

At the midline from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus and Urachus
Covers the medial umbilical ligament

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24
Q

Medial Umbilical folds

A

Lateral to the Median Umbilical Fold (R and L)

Covers medial umbilical ligaments and occluded portions of the umbilical arteries

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25
Q

Lateral Umbilical Folds

A

Covers the inferior epigastric vessels

26
Q

What are the superficial vessels of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Circumflex Iliac a and v

Epigastric a and v

27
Q

Circumflex Iliac artery

A

Branch of femoral artery

Supplies the region of the inguinal ligament

28
Q

Epigastric artery

A

Branch of femoral artery

Supplies the abdomen inferior to the umbilicus

29
Q

Circumflex Iliac vein

A

Drains to the femoral vein

Drains the region of the inguinal ligament

30
Q

Epigastric vein

A

Drains to the femoral vein

Drains the abdomen inferior to the umbilicus

31
Q

What are the deep vessels of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Deep Circumflex Iliac vessels
Inferior Epigastric vessels
Superior Epigastric vessels
Musculophrenic vessels

32
Q

Deep Circumflex Iliac artery

A

Branch of External Iliac artery
runs between the Internal Oblique and Transverse Abdominus
Supplies the inferior lateral abdominal muscles

33
Q

Deep Circumflex Iliac vein

A

Drains the inferior lateral abdominal muscles
Runs between the internal oblique and transverse abdominus
Drains to the External Iliac vein

34
Q

Inferior Epigastric artery

A

Branch of external Iliac artery
Enters the posterior rectus sheath at the arcuate line
Supplies the lower rectus abdominus muscle
Anastomoses with Superior Epigastric artery

35
Q

Inferior Epigastric vein

A

Drains the lower rectus abdominus muscle

Drains to External Iliac vein

36
Q

Superior Epigastric artery

A

Branch of Internal Thoracic artery
Enters posterior rectus sheath lateral to the sternum
Supplies upper rectus abdominus m
Anastamoses with Inf. Epigastric artery

37
Q

Superior Epigastric vein

A

Drains the upper recuts abdominus muscle

Drains to the Internal Thoracic vein

38
Q

Musculophrenic artery

A

Branch of Internal Thoracic artery
Runs along costal cartilage
Supplies upper abdominal muscles and diaphragm

39
Q

Musculophrenic vein

A

Drains upper abdominal muscles and diapharagm

Drains to Internal Thoracic vein

40
Q

What nerves cover the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Ventral rami of T7-L1 spinal levels

41
Q

What nerves cover the anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus?

A

T7-T9

42
Q

What nerve covers the anterior abdominal wall at the umbilicus?

A

T10

43
Q

What nerve covers the anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus?

A

T11-L1

44
Q

Where is the Inguinal Region?

A 
Inferior to Lateral abdomen region
Superior to thigh
Medial to the ilium
Lateral to the pubic bone
Between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle
45
Q

Contents of the Inguinal Region

A

Inguinal Ligament
Deep ring of the inguinal canal
Walls of the inguinal canal

46
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Folded inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis

Goes from ASIS to the the pubic tubercle

47
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Obliquely set tunnel 3-5 cm long
Traverses the anterior abdominal wall
Runs parallel and superior to the inguinal ligaement

48
Q

What’s the difference in the Inguinal Canal between males and females?

A

Males - contains spermatic cord, its contents, and Ilioinguinal n (L1)
Females - contains the round ligament of the uterus and the Ilioingunial n (L1)

49
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Testicular nerves and vessels
Cremasteric m
Fascia

50
Q

Superficial ring of the Inguinal canal

A

Opening of the external oblique aponeurosis

Obvious opening lateral to the pubic tubercle

51
Q

Deep ring of the Inguinal canal

A

Opening of the transverse fascia

Subtle piercing just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

52
Q

Anterior Wall of the Inguinal canal

A

External Oblique Aponeurosis

53
Q

Posterior wall of the Inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia and conjouint tendon

54
Q

Roof of the Inguinal canal

A

Internal oblique and transverse abdominus muscles

55
Q

Floor

A

Inguinal Ligament

56
Q

Abdominal Hernia

A

Outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac
Composed of 3 layers - peritoneum, extraperitoneal fat, and transversalis fascia
About 90% of abdominal hernias occur in the inguinal region

57
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

A

Extends through the entire inguinal canal
Commonly enters the scrotum or labia majora
Most common type of hernia and most common in males

58
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernia

A

Through inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s triangle)
Usually does not enter scrotum or labia majora
Usually associated with weakened abdominal wall

59
Q

Inguinal triangle contents

A

Inferior epigastric artery
Rectus abdominus muscle
Inguinal ligament

60
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Through femoral ring and canal

More common in females because of wider femoral ring

61
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

Through umbilical ring
Most common in newborns
In adults, it is most common in females and obese people

62
Q

Epigastric hernia

A

Through linea alba
Most common in people over 40
Usually associated with obesity

Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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