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Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 > Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Name the major features of the Stomach

A

Cardiac Orifice
Pyloric sphincter
Rugae

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2
Q

Cardiac Orifice

A

Entrance to the stomach from the esophagus

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3
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Exit to the duodenum from the stomach

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4
Q

Rugae

A

Temporary fold in the stomach that have the capability to expand

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5
Q

What are the divisions of the small intestines

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilium
Plica circularis

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6
Q

Features of the Duodenum, including the divisions

A 
Fixed and relatively immobile
4 divisions (prox. to dist)
-Superior part
-Descending part
-Inferior part
-Ascending part
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7
Q

Jejunum

A

2nd division of the small intestines
Tethered but very mobile
Longer vasa recta, and short, simple aracades

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8
Q

Ilium

A

Final division of small intestine
Tethered but very mobile
Shorter vasa recta, and more complex arcades

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9
Q

Plica circularis

A

Permanent folds within the small intestines
Become more diffuse distally
Allow for more surface area

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10
Q

What are the divisions of the large intestines? (prox. to distal)

A 
Cecum
Ascending segment
Transverse segment
Descending segment
Sigmoid
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11
Q

What are the 2 flexures of the large intestines and where are they?

A

Right colic flexure (hepatic) - between ascending colon and transverse colon
Left colic flexure (splenic) - between the transverse colon and descending colon

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12
Q

Tenaie coli

A

3 longitudinal muscle bands along the length of the colon

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13
Q

Haustra coli

A

Out-pouching of the colon due to muscle band constriction

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14
Q

Epiploic appendages

A

Fat tags around the colon

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15
Q

What is a Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Remnant of the embryonic yolksac
Appears as a finger-like outpouch tethered to the umbilicus
Located about 1 m proximal to iliocecal calce
If it gets inflamed, it can mirror appendicitis

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16
Q

Veriform appendix

A

Opens to the cecum inferior to the iliocelcal orifice

Commonly retrocecal, but the orientation varies greatly

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17
Q

Mesoappendix

A

Small triangular mesentery that helps anchor the appendix

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18
Q

Progression of pain associated with appendicitis

A

Vague pain begins in periumbilical region around T10 level
Progresses into severe pain in lower right quadrant - from irritation of the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
Pain is most severe over the spinoumbilical point between ASIS and umbilicus

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19
Q

Celiac Trunk

A

First major branch of the abdominal aorta

Supplies the liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and spleen

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20
Q

3 major branches of the celiac trunk

A

Common Hepatic
Left Gastric
Splenic

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21
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

Second major branch of the abdominal aorta
About 1cm inferior to celiac trunk
Sends 15-18 intestinal arteries to small intestines
Supplies the proximal 2/3 of the transverese colon - via ileocolic, R colic, and middle colic
Has arcades

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22
Q

Arcades

A

Anastamotic loops of small intestine arterial supply

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23
Q

Ileocolic artery

A

Branch of SMA

Supplies the Iliocecal junction

24
Q

R colic artery

A

Branch of SMA

Supplies ascending colon

25
Q

Middle colic artery

A

Branch of SMA

Supplies the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

26
Q

Variations of the SMA and IMA

A

The pattern of SMA and IMA branching is extremely variable
Anastomoses exist between colic branches for collateral circulation
These form a consistent vasculature around the colon - via the marginal artery of drumond

27
Q

Arterial anastomoses of the Pancreas

A

Gastroduodenal artery gives off the Superior Pancreaticoduodenal arteries
SMA gives off Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery
-the SPD and IPD anastamoses and supply the duodenum and head of the pancreas
-the splenic artery supplies the rest of the pancreas

28
Q

Renal arteries

A

Lateral branches of aorta, lateral to the SMA
Enter the hilum of each kidney to supply it
Send off branches to suprarenal glands and uterus

29
Q

Suprarenal gland blood supply

A

Branches from renal arteries, Inferior phrenic artery, and aorta

30
Q

Gonadal arteries

A

Lateral branches of abdominal aorta
Come off just inferior to renal arteries
Ovarian arteries and Testicular arteries

31
Q

Ovarian arteries

A

Lateral branch of aorta, inferior to renal arteries
Cross over ureters and iliac vessels
Descend to pelvis and supply the ovaries

32
Q

Testicular arteries

A

Lateral branch of aorta, inferior to renal arteries
Cross over ureters and enter the inguinal canal
Descend into the scrotum and supply the testicles

33
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Largest vein in the body

Begins at L5 level at the union of the common iliac vein

34
Q

Inferior Vena Cava drainage

A

Drains the lower left, most of the back, abdominal wall, and abdominopelvic viscera to Right atrium of the heart

35
Q

Portal Vein

A

Formed by the union of the Splenic and Superior Mesenteric Veins (at L2 level)

36
Q

Portal Vein drainage

A

Return from spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and GI tract to the IVC

37
Q

Gastric vein anastomoses with…

A

Esophageal vein

38
Q

Paraumbilical vein anastomoses with…

A

Epigastric veins

39
Q

Superior rectal vein anastomoses with…

A

Middle/Inferior Rectal vein

40
Q

Colic veins anastomoses with…

A

Retroperitoneal vein

41
Q

Describe the portal-caval anastomoses

A

Portal venous system has no valves, so reversal of blood flow is possible.
Portal hypertension restricts bloodflow, causing caval veins to be engorged and dilated - potentially causing vascular rupture and hemorrhaging

42
Q

Dilated esophageal vein produces…

A

Esophageal varicose veins

43
Q

Dilated Epigastric veins produce…

A

Caput medusae

44
Q

Dilated Inf. and Mid. Rectal veins produce…

A

Hemorrhoids

45
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibers of the abdomen originate?

A

T5-L2/3 - Thoracocolumbar plexus

46
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the abdomen originate?

A

CN X and S2-4 - Craniosaral plexus

47
Q

Where do preganglionic sympathetic splanchnic nerves of the abdomen synapse?

A

Collateral ganglia

48
Q

Where do postsynaptic sympathetic fibers of the abdomen travel?

A

All major arterial branches, and supply the organ that the branches they travel with supply.

49
Q

Where do preganglionic nerves from CNX travel?

A

On upper abdominal arterial branches - Celiac trunk, SMA, renal arteries, and their branches
Supply the same organs as the arteries they run with

50
Q

Where do preganglionic nerves from S2-S4 travel?

A

On lower abdominal arterial branches - IMA and its branhces

Supply the same organs as the arteries they run with

51
Q

Where do pregangionic sympathetic fibers of the abdomen synapse?

A

Within their effector organs

52
Q

Describe the Celiac ganglion

A

Plexuses travel with celiac trunk branches

Receive thoracic splanchnic nerves and CN X

53
Q

Describe the Superior Mesenteric ganglion

A

Plexuses travel with SMA branches

Receive thoracic splanchnic nerves and CN X branches

54
Q

Describe the Aorticorenal ganglion

A

Plexuses travel with renal branches

Receive thoracic splanchnic nerves and CN X branches

55
Q

Describe the Inferior Mesenteric ganglion

A

Plexuses travel with IMA branches

Receive lumbar splanchnic nerves and S2-S4 branches

Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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