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Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 > Histology of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Histology of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the wall of the alimentary canal?

from lumen, outward

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa or Adventitia

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2
Q

What are the layers of the Mucosa of the Alimentary canal?

A

Lining epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

Lining Epithelium

A

Superficial layer of the mucosa of the Alimentary canal

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4
Q

Where would the lining epithelium of mucosa be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Regions that need protection:

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Anus

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5
Q

Where would the lining epithelium of the muscoa be simple columnar epithelium?

A

Regions of absorption:
Stomach, Small intestines, Large intestines
Lots of tight junctions here

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6
Q

What layer do things need to cross to be “in the body”

A

Lining epithelium of the mucosa

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7
Q

Lamina propria

A

Middle layer of mucosa
Loose areolar Connective tissue
Lots of lymphatics here and some glands

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8
Q

Muscularis mucosa

A

Smooth muscle tissue layer of the mucosa

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9
Q

Submucosa

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Binds submucosa for the muscularis externa

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10
Q

Meissner’s Plexus

A

Lots of myelinated nerve endings in the submucosa

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11
Q

What are the layers of the Muscularis externa

A

Inner circular layer
Nervouse tissue
Outer longitudinal layer

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12
Q

Inner circular layer of Muscularis externa

A

Smooth muscle in Muscularis externa
Thickened in sphincters and valves
Contract to close down lumen, and lengthen the GI tract

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13
Q

Nervous tissue of Muscularis externa

A

In between muscle layers

Location of Mysenteric nerve plexus

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14
Q

Outer layer of Muscularis externa

A

Smooth muscle

Contracts to dilate the lumen and shorten theGI tract

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15
Q

Serosa and Adventitia

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

Serosa has a mesothelium on the very outside

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16
Q

Esophagus Mucosa

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Esophageal cardiac glands in lamina propria

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17
Q

Esophagus Submucosa

A

Dense irregular CT
Connect muscosa to muscularis externa
Contains esophageal glands

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18
Q

Esophagus Muscularis Externa

A

Skeletal muscle proximally and smooth muscle distally

Moves bolus through GI tract

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19
Q

Esophagus Serosa/Adventitia

A

Adventitia superior to diaphragm

Serosa inferior to the diaphragm

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20
Q

Esophagus Glands

A

Esophageal glands proper

Esophageal Cardiac glands

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21
Q

Esophageal glands proper

A

In the submucosa

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22
Q

Esophageal cardiac glands

A

In the lamina propria

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23
Q

Subdivisions of the Stomach

A

Cardia
Fundis
Body
Pylorus

24
Q

Cardia of the stomach contents

A

Cardiac glands - primarily mucos

25
Q

Fundus of the stomach contents

A

Gastric glands - contain cells that secrete HCl and pepsin

26
Q

Body of the stomach contents

A

Gastric glands - contain cells that secrete HCl and pepsin

27
Q

Mucosa of the stomach

A

Protect other layers from food and gastric juices
Simple Columnar epithelium
Gastric pits

28
Q

Gastric pits

A

Lead to simple branched tubular glands

29
Q

Muscularis externa of the Stomach

A

The inner circular layer is now middle

There are inner oblique muscles

30
Q

Small intestines Sections

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

31
Q

What is the length of the small intestines in living patients? Cadavers?

A

Living - 10 ft

Cadaver - 21 ft

32
Q

Plica circularis of the small intestines

A

Submocosa core

Circular folds

33
Q

Villi of the small intestines

A

Finger-like projections of mucosa

34
Q

Microvilli of the small intestines

A

Protection of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells

Striated border

35
Q

Mucosa of the small intestines

A

Simple columnar epithelium
Contain enterocytes
Contain goblet cells

36
Q

Enterocytes

A

Absorptive cells
Tall columnar cells with basal nuclei
Have microvilli at the surface so the can also be secretory

37
Q

Goblet cells

A

Secrete mucus

Few proximally and increase the farther you go

38
Q

What are mucosa modifications of the small intestines

A

Enterocytes
Goblet cells
Crypts of Lieberkun

39
Q

Crypts of Lieberkun

A

Contiains Tubular glands, Paneth cells, Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells

40
Q

Paneth cells

A

At bases of Crypts of Lieberkun in small intestines
Balance normal bacterial flora
Secrete lysozyme, which is important for digestion of bacterial cell wall

41
Q

Enteroendocrine cells

A

Secrete hormones in the small intestines

42
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands?

A

Only in the duodenum - in the submucosa

43
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

Produce alkaline mucous
Neutralize pH, since we get low pH stuff of the stomach
Only in the duodenum

44
Q

M cells

A

Specialized epithelial in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches

They sample things before shipping them off to immune cells

45
Q

What are tenaie coli?

A

Muscles that go longitudinally down the large intestine

Part of the muscularis externa

46
Q

Haustra

A

Bulbous bodies as part of the colon

47
Q

Large intestines epithelum

A

Simple columnar epithelium

48
Q

Lamina propria of the large intestines

A

Layer of mucosa

Contains lymphoid cells and lymphoid tissues

49
Q

What are the divisions of the Pancreas?

A

Head
Body
Tail

50
Q

Pancreas functions

A 
98-99% = exocrine gland (compound acinar)
1-2% = endocrine gland (Islets of Langerhans)
51
Q

What are the 2 blood sources to the liver?

A 
Hepatic artery (oxygenated blood)
Hepatic Portal vein (deoxigenated blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, microbes from GI)
52
Q

What is the blood drainage of the liver?

A 
Hepatic a./Hep Portal vein to
Liver sinusoids to
Central Canal to
Hepatic vein to
IVC
53
Q

Liver sinusoids

A

Where oxygen, most nutruents and toxic substances are taken up by hepatocytes
Also where hepatocytes products and stored nutrients are secreted back to the blood

54
Q

Hepatic lobule

A

Functional and structural unit of the liver

Six-sided structure with Hepatocytes surrounding a Central Vein

55
Q

Kupfer cells

A

Largest cell lining liver sinusoids
Stellate macrophages
Phagocytotic
Brakdown old or damaged RBCs

56
Q

Gallbladder

A

Secretes bile

Sp15 - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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