Pelvic organs part 2 Flashcards
what is the urethra
tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for removal of fluids out of body
in females, the urethra carries only ___
urine
female urethra is long or short
short
the urethra being short makes women more susceptible to what
UTI’s
the female urethra passes through the what
UG diaphragm
the female urethra empties into a region called _______
vestibule of the vagina
sympathetic innervation controls what in the sex organs of the male
ejaculation
parasympathetic innervation controls what in the male sex organs
erection
are the testis in the male located within the pelvis
no
position of the ductus deferens in relation to the testis
located on posterior aspect of testicle
the internal urinary sphincter in the male contracts during ejaculation due to what type of innervation
sympathetic
why does the internal urinary sphincter contract during ejaculation
to prevent sperm from going back up into the bladder
what is located between the bladder and the urethra in the male
prostate gland
spermatozoa travel through what
ductus deferens
what contributes to a complete ejaculation and what is it contributed by
additional substances by the accessory sex organs
what are the accessory sex organs in the male
ampulla of ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral gland
what is the ejaculatory duct
pathway through the prostate
inside the prostate there is a membranous structure called the what
prostate urethra
the prostate urethra turns into what
the urethra (deep pouch region) which goes through the UG diaphragm
the urethra contains what anatomical structure within
the external urethral sphincter
what does the membranous urethra turn in to
the spongey urethra within the penis
the spongey urethra is joined by what in the penis
the outflow of the bulbourethral gland
the peritoneum drapes over what part of the pelvis
the pelvic viscera in the false pelvis
the peritoneum does what in the pelvis
provides support but also allows movement
the peritoneum draping over the pelvic viscera creates what
peritoneal-lined spaces between the pelvic organs
what is the rectovesical pouch
a space between the bladder and the rectum, located on the inferior part of the abdominopelvic cavity in the male
what collects in the rectovesical pouch
fluid, when the patient is in upright position
what are the ovaries
paired organs that are the female gonads
the ovaries reside close to ____
the walls of the false pelvis
the ovaries are suspended by what
suspensory ligament of the ovary
suspensory ligament is made of what and attaches where
it is a fold of the peritoneum and attaches to the ovary and posterior body wall
the suspensory ligament of the ovary provides a route for what
the ovarian artery and vein
the lower pole of the ovary is attached to the uterus by what
a fibromuscular cord called the proper ovarian ligament
the proper ovarian ligament does what for the ovary
provides support by tethering the ovary to the uterus
what are the 3 main parts of the uterine tube
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
what is the infundibulum of the uterine tube
part directly on the ovary, has hair like appendages called fimbrae that engulf the egg following ovulation
what is the ampulla of the uterine tube
the mid-region of the tube that is dilated
what is the isthmus of the uterine tube
the narrowest part of the tube that joins the uterus
what is the site of fertilization in the uterine tube
ampulla
the uterine tubes are covered and supported by the ____ of the _____ _____
mesosalpinx of the broad ligament
3 layers of the uterus
endometrium (inner), myometrium (middle), mesometrium (broad ligament)
3 regions of the uterus
fundus, body, cervix
what is the fundus of the uterus
region opposite to the exit (cervix)
the isthmus of the uterine tube joins what part of the uterus
fundus
the fundus is what anatomical position of the uterus
most anterior and superior
where does a fertilized egg usually implant
into the body of the uterus in the endometrium
the cervix is located where
most inferior region of uterus, located within the pelvic inlet (or passing through)
the cervix has how many regions and what are they
3; internal os which is the opening into the uterus, cervical canal, and external os which is the opening into the vagina
what part of the cervix is visible during a pelvic exam
external os, it will have a mucus plug during pregnancy
the cervix pushes into the vagina creating what
pockets/recesses
what is the vagina
a muscular tube that extends from the vestibule of the vagina (external genitalia) to the cervix of the uterus
the pockets of the vagina created by the cervix are called
fornices of the vagina
what fornix of the vagina is the largest
the posterior fornix and the anterior and lateral are typically much smaller
what is the clinical intervention of the posterior fornix of the vagina
allows access to the rectouterine space for surgery
what is the most inferior space in the female patient
rectouterine space
the posterior fornix is also called the what
pouch of douglas
the uterus is ____ with respect to the vagina
anterverted
the fundus of the uterus is ____ with respect to the cervix of the uterus
anteflexed
the fundus of the uterus being anteflexed compared to the cervix results in what
the fundus being positioned anteriorly and the anterior surface of the uterus is now in close approximation to the superior surface of the bladder
what is the mesovarium
the portion of broad ligament surrounding the ovaries
the uterus fundus and body are located in what part of the pelvis
false pelvis
the cervix of the uterus is located in what part of the pelvis
true pelvis
what is the broad ligament
a regional renaming of the peritoneum
peritoneum lines the walls of the ___ ___
false pelvis
as the peritoneum drapes over the female reproductive structures it is renamed the ___ ___
broad ligament
function of the broad ligament
supports the organs in the false pelvis of the female reproductive system
what are to the two pouches created by the draping of the peritoneum in women
- vesicouterine pouch (between bladder and uterus)
- rectouterine pouch (between the rectum and uterus and is the most inferior region of the abdominopelvic cavity)
true pelvis begins at the ____ of the uterus and movement ___
cervix; stops
the broad ligament is peritoneum that is further renamed based on what
based on the structure that it is supporting
mesometrium
applied to the fundus and the body of the uterus
mesosalpinx
covers the uterine tube
mesovarium
supports the ovary; does not fully cover the entire ovary, just a small portion
the larger majority of the ovary is covered by what
germinal epithelium so that ovulation is possible
the pelvic fascia acts as what
glue for the pelvic musculature/organs
thickened regions of the pelvic fascia are called
ligaments
what is the pubocervical ligmament
arises from the pubis to support the bladder and cervix; anchors cervix anteriorly
what is the transverse cervical ligament or cardinal ligament and function
arises from the pelvis wall and attaches to the sides of the cervix; supports the uterus and vagina
the transverse cervical ligament anchors to the cervix
laterally
the uterine artery and vein can be found passing through what ligament
transverse cervical ligament
what are the uterosacral ligaments and function
arise from the sacrum, pass on either side of the rectum, and attache to the uterus; stabilize the uterus and rectum
what is subserous fascia
loose adipose fascia the interdigitates with the pelvis fascia that acts as a packing material
the false pelvis has a ___, just like the organs of the abdomen
mesentery
the majority of the vagina is located where
in the true pelvis
the vagina is supported by what
pelvis fascia and subserous fascia fat and its muscles in that region
the distal end of the vagina passes through what
the Ug diaphragm (peritoneum)
during pregnancy, the baby grows towards what portion of the uterus and why
the fundus because it is in the false pelvis and is therefore moveable
round ligament of the uterus arises from what
from the fundus of the uterus and goes through the inguinal canal to insert into the labia majora
the top of the bladder is covered in ____ but not ____
peritoneum but not fascia, which is why the bladder can become compressed by the uterus during pregnancy
