Oral cavity, pharynx, and palate

Question 1

What does the nasal cavity form the floor of? What is it the roof for?

Answer 1

floor of the nasal cavity and roof of the oral cavity

Question 2

The hard palate (roof of your mouth) is covered by by what?

Answer 2

mucoperiosteum

Question 3

The hard palate is divided into what?

Answer 3

anterior and posterior divisions

Question 4

What makes up the anterior division?

Answer 4

it is the anterior 2/3 of of the hard palate and is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla

Question 5

What makes up the posterior portion of the hard palate?

Answer 5

it is the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate and is formed by the horizontal plate of the palatine

Question 6

What is the soft palate?

Answer 6

mobile, fibromuscular fold suspended from the posterior hard palate

Question 7

What does the soft palate separate?

Answer 7

the nasopharynx (above) from the oropharynx (below)

Question 8

What is the function of the soft palate?

Answer 8

it closes the pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing and speech

Question 9

What is the median projection of the soft palate?

Answer 9

the uvula

Question 10

The soft palate is continuous laterally with what?

Answer 10

with two folds, the anterior pillar and posterior pillar of the oropharynx

Question 11

What is the anterior pillar?

Answer 11

the palatoglossal fold containing the palatoglossus m.

Question 12

What is the posterior pillar?

Answer 12

the palatopharnygeal fold containing the palatopharyngeus

Question 13

What supplies sensory innervation to the hard palate?

Answer 13

greater palatine n.

Question 14

What supplies sensory innervation to the soft palate?

Answer 14

lesser palatine n.

Question 15

How many muscles of the palate are there?

Answer 15

5

Question 16

What are the muscles of the palate?

Answer 16

palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae, levator palati, tensor palati

Question 17

Where does the palatoglossus muscle extend?

Answer 17

from the palatine aponeurosis down the anterior pillar into the side of the tongue

Question 18

What does the palatoglossus do?

Answer 18

pulls the lateral aspects of the tongue superiorly

Question 19

Where does the palatopharyngeus extend?

Answer 19

from the palatine aponeurosis down the posterior pillar into the wall of the pharynx

Question 20

What does the palatopharyngeus do?

Answer 20

it will pull the wall upward, forward, and medial to shorten the pharynx and it also constricts the oropharyngeal isthmus by adducting the posterior pharyngeal pillars

Question 21

Where does the musculus uvulae extend?

Answer 21

from the posterior nasal spine and the palatine aponeurosis into the mucous membrane of the uvula

Question 22

What does the musculus uvulae do?

Answer 22

elevates and contracts the uvula

Question 23

Where does the levator palati extend?

Answer 23

from under the surface of the petrous temporal bone down into the palatine aponeurosis

Question 24

What does the levator palati do?

Answer 24

elevator of the soft palate

Question 25

Where does the tensor palati extend?

Answer 25

from the scaphoid fossa at the base of the medial pterygoid plate around the pterygoid hamulus to insert into the lateral aspects of the palatine aponeurosis

Question 26

What does the tensor palati do?

Answer 26

unilaterally it pulls the soft palate to one side; bilaterally it will tense, tighten, and depress

Question 27

What is the motor innervation of all the palatal musculature (one exception)?

Answer 27

pharyngeal plexus

Question 28

What is the one exception to the innervation of the palatal musculature?

Answer 28

the tensor palati and it is innervated by V3

Question 29

What does the pharynx lie anterior to?

Answer 29

cervical vertebral column

Question 30

What is the pharynx posterior to?

Answer 30

the nasal and oral cavities and the larynx

Question 31

What parts is the pharynx divided in to?

Answer 31

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 32

What can the pharynx be described as?

Answer 32

a fibromuscular tube with a number of anterior deficiencies in its wall

Question 33

The superior end of the tube is attached to what?

Answer 33

the base of the skull

Question 34

What does the inferior end of the pharynx join?

Answer 34

the esophagus

Question 35

Where is the pharynx deficient?

Answer 35

- the anterior wall where it communicates with the nasal cavity at the posterior chonae - where it communicates with the oral cavity at the oropharyngeal isthmus - lowest deficiency is where it communicates with the larynx inlet

Question 36

What is the epithelial lining made of that lines the mucus membrane of the pharynx?

Answer 36

it is either respiratory or stratified squamous where it comes in contact with the contents of the digestive tract

Question 37

Where does the pharyngobasilar fascia lie?

Answer 37

outside the mucus membrane of the pharynx, separating the membrane from the posterior muscular wall

Question 38

What is the buccopharyngeal fascia and what does it allow for?

Answer 38

lines the back of the pharynx, allows for pharyngeal expansion and mobility

Question 39

How many pharyngeal constrictor muscles are there and what are they?

Answer 39

3; superior, middle, inferior constrictors

Question 40

The 3 constrictors muscles do what posteriorly?

Answer 40

overlap

Question 41

What happens as the pharyngeal constrictors extend anterolaterally?

Answer 41

they diverge from each other

Question 42

What is the pharyngeal raphe?

Answer 42

a vertical fibrous band into which each half of all 3 constrictors attach to posteriorly

Question 43

What are the attachments of superior constrictor

Answer 43

superiorly, various aspects of the base of skull and then it sweeps posteriorly to attach to the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone

Question 44

At the top of the superior constrictor muscle, what is present that is not present in the middle and inferior?

Answer 44

A large lateral deficiency

Question 45

What closes the lateral deficiency of the superior constrictor?

Answer 45

pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 46

What perforates the pharyngobasilar fascia?

Answer 46

auditory tube

Question 47

Where does the middle constrictor arise from?

Answer 47

arises anteriorly from the stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone

Question 48

How does the middle constrictor extend posteriorly?

Answer 48

fans posteriorly to enclose the lower aspects of the superior constrictor and attach to the pharyngeal raphe

Question 49

the lower fibers of the middle constrictor do what?

Answer 49

arch posteriorly to the level of the larynx

Question 50

What two things pass through the gap between the superior and middle constrictors?

Answer 50

stylopharyngeus muscle and glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 51

Where does the inferior constrictor arise from?

Answer 51

from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage and sweeps posteriorly to overlap the middle constrictor

Question 52

What are all 3 constrictor muscles innervated by?

Answer 52

pharyngeal plexus (CN X)

Question 53

What innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 53

glosspharyngeal n.

Question 54

Where does the stlyophargeus muscle arise from?

Answer 54

it descends from the medial aspect of the styloid process and passes between the superior and middle constrictor attaching to the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

Question 55

Where does the salpingopharyngeus muscle arise from?

Answer 55

arises from the expanded medial end of the cartilage of the auditory tube and descends on the inside of the superior constrictor to attach to the thyroid cartilage

Question 56

What innervates the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 56

the pharyngeal plexus from CN X

Question 57

Motor innervation of the pharnyx is primarily from what?

Answer 57

pharyngeal plexus (CN X)