Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANA > Deep Back Muscles, Suboccipital Triangle > Flashcards

Deep Back Muscles, Suboccipital Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the torso?

A

Head, neck, and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the skeleton of the torso?

A

axial skeleton plus pelvic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two functions of the vertebral column

A

stability and flexibility, considered diametrically opposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ are required for mobility

A

joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functional unit of the vertebral column

A

two vertebral bodies, an intervertebral disc, and two pairs of facet joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the functional unit of the vertebrae do?

A

bears compressive loads and also allows for flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is movement of the vertebrae amplified?

A

each functional unit as a small range of movement but can be amplified by summation to allow for large flexibility over the length of the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The joints of the vertebrae are considered to be what type of functional joint

A

amphiarthrotic joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the facet joints do?

A

determine type of movement that occurs around intervertebral disc and limit its range of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Facet joints are considered what type of functional joint?

A

synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many vertebral lever arms of each vertebra?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 vertebral lever arms?

A

spinous processes, paired transverse processes, paired costal elements (ribs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which vertebrae express vertebral arms? Which vertebral region has the best development of them?

A

all vertebrae express vertebral arms, but they are best developed in the thoracic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The thoracic vertebrae are specialized to form the ______, which has what function?

A

thoracic cage; moves air in and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which set of ribs is the most highly specialized set of lever arms?

A

thoracic ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the thoracic ribs exhibit?

A

synovial articulations with both the vertebral bodies and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The anterior portions of the thoracic costal elements (ribs) are what type of joint?

A

cartilaginous, therefore they provide flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The cartilaginous anterior portions of the thoracic ribs enables it to do what?

A

act as bellows, increasing its transverse diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many groups of muscles in the torso?

A

three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three groups of the torso?

A

muscles of the trunk walls, muscular diaphragms, muscles of the head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Description of muscles of the trunk walls

A

somatic muscles following a segmental pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Description of the muscular diaphragms

A

thoracic, pelvic, and urogenital diaphragms, larynx and pharyngeal
constrictors and suprapleural membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Description of the muscles of the head and neck

A 
some are from embryonic somites but most are derived from
embryonic branchial (gill) arches and have a complex organization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the back

A

-fall within the group of muscles of the trunk wall, posterior paired longitudinal groups of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where do intrinsic muscles of the back attach?

A

attach to lever arms of the vertebrae and only lever arms of the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Are intrinsic muscles of the back superficial or deep?

A

Deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The deep muscles of the back are often collectively referred to as

A

erector spinae muscle mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Action of the erector spinae muscle mass

A

maintenance of posture and movements of the head ands vertebral
column

29
Q

What are the muscle groups of the back?

A

superficial, intermediate, and deep

30
Q

Superficial group is responsible for?

A

Limb movement

31
Q

Intermediate group is responsible for?

A

Respiration

32
Q

Intermediate extrinsic muscles (2 of them)

A

-serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

33
Q

Where are the intermediate extrinsic muscles found?

A

under the rhomboids and latissimus dorsi

34
Q

What are the intermediate extrinsic muscles innervated by?

A

dorsal rami of the intercostal nerves

35
Q

Serratus posterior superior action

A

elevator of the ribs

36
Q

Serratus posterior inferior action

A

depressor or fixor of the lower ribs

37
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the intrinsic muscles of the back

A

splenius captius and splenius cervicis

38
Q

Splenius capitis attachment

A

origin: half of the ligamentum
nuchae as well as the spinous
processes of T1-6

insertion: mastoid process and lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line on the occipital bone

39
Q

Splenius cervicis attachment

A

Origin: half of the ligamentum
nuchae as well as the spinous
processes of T1-6

Insertion: posterior tubercles
of the transverse processes
of C1-4 deep to the levator
scapulae

40
Q

Action of spenius mm. together and separate

A

separate: laterally flex and rotate the head to the same side
together: they extend the head and neck

41
Q

What muscles are in the intermediate layer of intrinsics?

A

3 muscles collectively called the erector spinae; separate they are the spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

42
Q

Attachment of the spinalis m.

A

common inferior origin to the sacrum, iliac crest and sacroiliac ligament and extends to rom spinous process to spinous process

(medical column)

43
Q

Attachment of the longissimus muscle

A

common inferior origin to the sacrum, iliac crest and sacroiliac ligament and extends to the transverse processes and ribs

44
Q

Attachment of the iliocostalis m.

A

common inferior origin to the sacrum, iliac crest and sacroiliac ligament and extends to the angles of the ribs

(medial column)

45
Q

Function of the erector spinae

A

extend the head and vertebral column and can unilaterally flex it

46
Q

Muscles of the deep layer of intrinsics (1st group)?

A

semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus

-collectively called the transversospinal group

47
Q

Transversospinal group attachment

A

extend obliquely from transverse process below to spines or laminae above,
missing several vertebrae between origin and insertion

48
Q

Multifidus location

A

superficial to the rotators and misses one or two vertebrae between origin and insertion

49
Q

Muscles of the deep layer of intrinsic muscles (second group)?

A

-rotatores and intertransverse

50
Q

Rotatores action and attachment

A

action: rotation (turning side to side)
attachment: deepest muscles in the groove between spinous and transverse processes; they span spinous to transverse process along the whole column

51
Q

Where is the rotatores m. best visualized?

A

thoracic region

52
Q

Intertransverse m. action and attachment

A

action: lateral flexors
attachment: linking adjacent transverse processes

53
Q

Interspinales mm. attachment and action

A

Action: extensors
attachment: uniting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

54
Q

The interspinales and intertransverse groups are best developed where?

A

lumbar and cervical regions

55
Q

Suboccipital triangle location

A

-triangular area around the articulation between the occipital bone of the
skull and the superior end of the vertebral column (C1 - the atlas and C2 - the axis)
-region is deep to the semispinalis capitus

56
Q

Suboccipital triangle boundaries

A

floor: atlanto-occipital membrane
roof: semispinalis capitus m.
lateral: superior oblique m.
medial: rectus capitus major
inferior: inferior oblique m.

57
Q

Main constituent of the suboccipital triangle

A

vertebral artery

58
Q

Location of vertebral artery in the suboccipital triangle

A

passes medially after ascending through transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae, and before it accesses the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum

59
Q

Where is the foramen magnum located?

A

occipital bone

60
Q

Why is the suboccipital triangle clinically important?

A

because of the vertebral artery
artherosclerosis, prolonged turning of the head - or looking upward (hyper-extension)
- may cause dizziness due to impaired blood flow in this region

61
Q

4 muscles of the subpoccipital region

A

-rectus capitis major m.
-rectus capitis minor m.
-superior oblique m.
-inferior oblique m.
-

62
Q

Attachment of rectus capitis major

A

extends from C2 to the skull

63
Q

Attachment of rectus capitis minor

A

extends from C1 to the skull

64
Q

Action of rectus capitus major and minor

A

together: extend head and posture
separate: rotate head to the same side

65
Q

Superior oblique attachment

A

extends from C1 to the skull

66
Q

Inferior oblique attachment

A

extends from C2 to C1 (pulls on the atlas)

67
Q

What is the atlas

A

1st cervical vertebra

68
Q

Contents of the suboccipital triangle

A
  • vertebral artery

- suboccipital n.

69
Q

What spinal nerve does the suboccipital n. branch from?

A

C1; it is the dorsal ramus of C1

ANA (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions