Lower limb part 2 & 3 Flashcards
Superficial branches of the femoral a. after it emerges beneath the inguinal ligmanet:
- superficial epigastric a.
- superficial circumflex iliac a.
- external pudendal a.
main deep branch of the femoral a.
profunda femoris a.
pathway of the profunda femoris a.
passes through the floor of femoral triangle into the adductor compartment between adductor longus and adductor magnus mm.
the profunda femoris a. gives off what?
many perforating arteries through the adductor magnus m.
the perforating arteries of the profunda femoris a. anastomose with what?
with each other and with the muscular branch of the popliteal a.
what other arteries typically arise from the profunda femoris a.?
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries anastomose with what artery?
both anastomose with the gluteal branch of the internal iliac artery, which in turn will anastomose with the perforating arteries of the profunda femoris a.
all of the branches of the femoral a. anastomosing will form what?
cruciate anastomosis that provides an alternative pathway if the femoral a. becomes occluded
the ____ ___ artery leaves the femoral just before it passes through the adductor hiatus to become the popliteal a.
descending genicular artery
the medial compartment of the thigh is clearly delineated from the anterior compartment, but not from the ___ compartment
posterior
the adductor magnus m. functions and is innervated as a member of which two compartments?
medial and posterior compartments
the medial compartment contains the ____ muscles that arise from what
contains the adductor muscles that arise from the ischiopubic aspect of the hip bone
what nerve supplies the medial compartment?
obturator n.
what muscle of the medial compartment is an exception to the innervation?
pectineus muscle
pectineus m. attachments
arises from the pectineal line of the pubis and attaches to the spiral line of the femur
pectineus m. action
adducts and flexes the thigh
pectineus m. innervation
femoral n.
pectineus lies in the floor of the ___ ____ and the medial boundary of the femoral triangle is the ___ ____
femoral triangle; adductor longus
the adductor longus m. and pectineus m. overly what muscle
adductor brevis
adductor longus m. attachment
arises from the body of the pubic bone and inserts into the mid third of the linea aspera of the femur
adductor magnus m. attachments
arises from the ischiopubic ramus and fans out to attach to the linea aspera
which muscle in the medial compartment has a deficiency in its lower aspect
adductor magnus m.
what is the deficiency of the adductor magnus m.
adductor hiatus
what goes through the adductor hiatus
femoral vessels
fibers of the adductor magnus m. arising from the ischial tuberosity form a round belly that attaches to what on the femur
adductor tubercle
the part of the adductor magnus m. that attaches to the adductor tubercle of the femur is called what
the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus
the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus action
adduct the thigh as well as play a role in locomotion and posture
the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus are innervated by what
obturator n.
the ischiocondylar portion of the magnus is innervated by what nerve
the tibial division of the sciatic n.
what muscle of the medial compartment lies superficial and medial
gracilis m.
gracilis m. attachments
arises from the body of the pubis and ischiopubic ramus and inserts behind the sartorius on the shaft of the tibia just below the medial condyle
function of the gracilis m.
adduction of thigh
innervation of gracilis m.
obturator n.
obturator externus m. action
a lateral rotator of the thigh and also stabilizes
the hip joint
innervation of the obturator externus m.
obturator n.
obturator externus m. attachments
arises from the outer aspect of the obturator membrane and inserts in the trochanteric fossa
obturator a. enters the thigh along with the obturator n. through what
obturator canal
the obturator a. and n. supply what
muscles of the medial compartment of thigh
compartments of the leg
anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments
the anterior compartment exhibits what kind of fascia
a thicker crural fascia
clinical importance of the thicker crural fascia of the anterior compartment of leg
compartment syndrome may occur when excess tissue fluid accumulates following strenuous exercise
what may result from compartment syndrome
acute pain and tissue necrosis
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg terminate where
on the dorsum of the foot
main muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
Which muscle of the anterior compartment of the left is not a true muscle
fibularis tertius as it is a portion of the extensor digitorum longus; not always identifiable
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are innervated by what
branches of the deep fibular n.
the superficial and deep fibular nn. arise from what nerve
common fibular n. in the lateral compartment of the leg
the superficial fibular n. remains in the ___ compartment while the deep fibular n. passes into the ____ compartment
lateral; anterior
the anterior tibial artery is a terminal branch of what artery
popliteal a.
where does the anterior tibial artery branch from the popliteal a. at?
at the lower border of the popliteus m and it passes forward through the opening in the superior aspect of the interosseus membrane between the tibia and fibula
membrane between the tibia and fibula
interosseus membrane
the anterior tibial artery contributes to the arterial anastomosis around what through what branch
around the knee through the anterior tibial recurrent branch
the anterior tibial a. continues on the dorsum of the foot as what artery
dorsalis pedia a.
cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of foot: area of skin between the great and second toe
deep fibular nerve
cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot: medial aspect
superficial fibular n.
cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of foot: lateral aspect
sural nerve
the tendons of the muscles from the anterior compartment of the left are kept from bowstringing on the dorsum of the foot by two thickenings of the anterior cural fascia called what?
extensor retinacula: superior and inferior
the super extensor retinaculum is what shape
band-shaped
the inferior extensor retinaculum is what shape
Y-shaped
extensor digitorum brevis m. innervation
deep fibular n.
attachments of the extensor digitorum brevis m.
arises from the calcaneus and gives off 3 tendons to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes- each joined by a tendon of the extensor digitorum longus
does the 5th toe receive a tendon from the extensor digitorum brevis m?
no
the most medial muscle belly on the dorsum of the foot is the ___ muscle that passes to the great toe
extensor hallucis brevis m.
the tendon of the tibialis anterior passes medially on the dorsum of the foot and what is its action
dorsiflexion and inversion
tendon of the extensor hallucis longus passes to the great toe and what is the action
extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the ankle
the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus passes to the lateral four toees and what is the action
extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot (ankle)
the tendon of the fibularis tertius extends to the ___ ___
5th metatarsal
what is the action of the tendon of the fibularis tertius
dorsiflexes and everts the foot
although the fibularis tertius is formed as a portion of the extensor digitorum longus, it does or does not extend into a digit
DOES NOT
how do the deep fibular n. and anterior tibial a. enter the dorsum of the foot
under the inferior retinaculum lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallicus longus
the anterior tibial a. becomes the ___ ___ artery upon entering the dorsum of foot
dorsalis pedis a.
the dorsalis pedis a. gives off an ____ artery from which branches to each toe arise
arcuate artery
after giving off arcuate arteries, the dorsalis pedis a. goes where
penetrates the floor to anastomose with the plantar arch on the sole of the foot
the lateral compartment of the leg contains what two muscles
the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
the lateral compartment of the left contains what nerve
superficial fibular n.
arterial supply of the lateral compartment of the leg
branches of the fibular artery that is not contained within the compartment
the tendon of fibularis longus passes where
posterior to the lateral malleolus to insert on the medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal
which muscles lies deep to the fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
the fibularis brevis tendon passes where
posterior to the lateral malleolus to insert on the base of the 5th metatarsal bone
the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis are innervated by what nerve
superficial fibular n. that arose from the common fibular n. and terminates on the dorsum of the foot
action of the fibularis longus and brevis
evertors of the foot as well as weak plantar flexors
which compartment of the leg is the largest
posterior compartment
what two groups of muscles does the posterior compartment of the leg contain
superficial group and deep group
action of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of leg
powerful plantar flexors
action of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg
long flexors of the digits and the tibialis posterior muscle
what n. and a. run through the posterior compartment of the leg
tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery
what muscles comprise the superficial posterior muscle group
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
the gastrocnemius muscle has ___ ___
two bellies
the gastrocnemius muscle arises from where
the posterior surface of the femur just above the femoral condyles
the bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle unite to form what
tendocalcaneus
what muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius m.
soleus m.
the soleus m. has a tendon that joins where
the posterior surface of the tendocalcaneus
the ____ muscle is a vestigal muscle with a short belly and long thin tendon (like palmaris longus in the forearm)
plantaris
where does the plantaris muscle arise from
arises close to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and descends obliquely between it and the soleus to insert with the tendocalcaneus
the ___ and ___ muscles are powerful plantar flexors of the foot
gastrocnemius and soleus
the superficial group of the posterior compartment is innervated by what n.
tibial n.
muscles of the deep posterior muscle group
flexor halluscis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
the muscles of the deep posterior muscle group all have tendoms that pass where
posterior to the medial malleolus in this order: Tom, Dick and Harry
Action of the tibialis posterior
plantar flexes and inverts the foot
popliteus muscle location
floor of the popliteal fossa
function of the popliteus m.
laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia to unlock the knee in position
the deep posterior muscle group and the popliteus m. are innervated by what n.
tibial n.
where does the tibial n. enter the posterior deep compartment
between the two heads of the gastrocnemius m.
the tibial n. passes deep to what muscle
soleus muscle
at the ankle, the tibial nerve divides into what divisions
lateral and medial plantar nerves
where is the flexor retinaculum in the lower limb
medial aspect of ankle
the posterior tibial a. arises from what artery along with what other artery
popliteal a. along with the anterior tibial a. at the lower border of the popliteus m.
what is the largest branch of the posterior tibial a.
the fibular a.
where does the fibular a. pass
passes lateral behind the fibula and terminates at the lateral malleolus by dividing into calcaneal and lateral malleolar branches
at the medial malleolus, the posterior tibial a. terminates by dividing into the ____ and ___ aa.
lateral and medial plantar aa.
the thick skin of the foot is anchored to what
underlying plantar aponeurosis
what is plantar aponeurosis
a strong fibrous layer extending from the calcaneal tuberosities to the bases of the toes
although the plantar aponeurosis is perforated by cutaneous branches of nerves, the important nerves and vessels lie where in relation to this sheet?
they lie deep to this protective sheet
how many layers of muscle in the foot
four
first layer of muscles in the foot that are superficial, how many and what are they?
3; abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi
action of abductor hallucis
abducts great toe
function of flexor digitorum brevis
short flexor of the 4 lateral toes
function of the digiti minimi
abducts little toe
second layer of muscles consist of what
qaudratus plantae
lumbricals
tendons of the long flexor mm.
located just under the first layer of the medial and lateral plantar nn. aree formed by the division of what nerve under the flexor retinaculum
tibial n,
the medial plantar n. supplies what
the medial 3.5 toes
the lateral plantar n. divides into superficial and deep br. and the superficial branch supplies what
the lateral 1.5 toes
the nerves in the second layer are accompanied by what
branches of the posterior tibial a., the medial and lateral plantar aa.
the medial plantar a. passes where
forward to terminate in the great toe
the lateral plantar a. passes where
medially deep to the oblique head of the adductor hallucis to anastomose with the dorsalis pedis a. to complete the plantar arch
the third layer consists of what muscles
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis with a transverse head and obllque head
flexor digiti minimi brevis
fourth layer of muscles of the foot
compries 4 dorsal and 3 plantar interossei
all intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot are supplied by what nerves
medial and lateral plantar nn.
medial plantar n. supplies what muscles specifically
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- flexor hallucis brevis
- 1st lumbrical
lateral plantar n. supplies what muscles of the sole of foot
- quadratus plantae
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
- interossei
- adductor hallucis
- lateral 3 lumbricals
