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ANA > Lower limb part 2 & 3 > Flashcards

Lower limb part 2 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial branches of the femoral a. after it emerges beneath the inguinal ligmanet:

A
  1. superficial epigastric a.
  2. superficial circumflex iliac a.
  3. external pudendal a.
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2
Q

main deep branch of the femoral a.

A

profunda femoris a.

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3
Q

pathway of the profunda femoris a.

A

passes through the floor of femoral triangle into the adductor compartment between adductor longus and adductor magnus mm.

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4
Q

the profunda femoris a. gives off what?

A

many perforating arteries through the adductor magnus m.

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5
Q

the perforating arteries of the profunda femoris a. anastomose with what?

A

with each other and with the muscular branch of the popliteal a.

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6
Q

what other arteries typically arise from the profunda femoris a.?

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

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7
Q

the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries anastomose with what artery?

A

both anastomose with the gluteal branch of the internal iliac artery, which in turn will anastomose with the perforating arteries of the profunda femoris a.

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8
Q

all of the branches of the femoral a. anastomosing will form what?

A

cruciate anastomosis that provides an alternative pathway if the femoral a. becomes occluded

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9
Q

the ____ ___ artery leaves the femoral just before it passes through the adductor hiatus to become the popliteal a.

A

descending genicular artery

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10
Q

the medial compartment of the thigh is clearly delineated from the anterior compartment, but not from the ___ compartment

A

posterior

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11
Q

the adductor magnus m. functions and is innervated as a member of which two compartments?

A

medial and posterior compartments

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12
Q

the medial compartment contains the ____ muscles that arise from what

A

contains the adductor muscles that arise from the ischiopubic aspect of the hip bone

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13
Q

what nerve supplies the medial compartment?

A

obturator n.

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14
Q

what muscle of the medial compartment is an exception to the innervation?

A

pectineus muscle

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15
Q

pectineus m. attachments

A

arises from the pectineal line of the pubis and attaches to the spiral line of the femur

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16
Q

pectineus m. action

A

adducts and flexes the thigh

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17
Q

pectineus m. innervation

A

femoral n.

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18
Q

pectineus lies in the floor of the ___ ____ and the medial boundary of the femoral triangle is the ___ ____

A

femoral triangle; adductor longus

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19
Q

the adductor longus m. and pectineus m. overly what muscle

A

adductor brevis

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20
Q

adductor longus m. attachment

A

arises from the body of the pubic bone and inserts into the mid third of the linea aspera of the femur

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21
Q

adductor magnus m. attachments

A

arises from the ischiopubic ramus and fans out to attach to the linea aspera

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22
Q

which muscle in the medial compartment has a deficiency in its lower aspect

A

adductor magnus m.

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23
Q

what is the deficiency of the adductor magnus m.

A

adductor hiatus

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24
Q

what goes through the adductor hiatus

A

femoral vessels

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25
Q

fibers of the adductor magnus m. arising from the ischial tuberosity form a round belly that attaches to what on the femur

A

adductor tubercle

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26
Q

the part of the adductor magnus m. that attaches to the adductor tubercle of the femur is called what

A

the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus

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27
Q

the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus action

A

adduct the thigh as well as play a role in locomotion and posture

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28
Q

the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus are innervated by what

A

obturator n.

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29
Q

the ischiocondylar portion of the magnus is innervated by what nerve

A

the tibial division of the sciatic n.

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30
Q

what muscle of the medial compartment lies superficial and medial

A

gracilis m.

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31
Q

gracilis m. attachments

A

arises from the body of the pubis and ischiopubic ramus and inserts behind the sartorius on the shaft of the tibia just below the medial condyle

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32
Q

function of the gracilis m.

A

adduction of thigh

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33
Q

innervation of gracilis m.

A

obturator n.

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34
Q

obturator externus m. action

A

a lateral rotator of the thigh and also stabilizes

the hip joint

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35
Q

innervation of the obturator externus m.

A

obturator n.

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36
Q

obturator externus m. attachments

A

arises from the outer aspect of the obturator membrane and inserts in the trochanteric fossa

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37
Q

obturator a. enters the thigh along with the obturator n. through what

A

obturator canal

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38
Q

the obturator a. and n. supply what

A

muscles of the medial compartment of thigh

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39
Q

compartments of the leg

A

anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments

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40
Q

the anterior compartment exhibits what kind of fascia

A

a thicker crural fascia

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41
Q

clinical importance of the thicker crural fascia of the anterior compartment of leg

A

compartment syndrome may occur when excess tissue fluid accumulates following strenuous exercise

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42
Q

what may result from compartment syndrome

A

acute pain and tissue necrosis

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43
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg terminate where

A

on the dorsum of the foot

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44
Q

main muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
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45
Q

Which muscle of the anterior compartment of the left is not a true muscle

A

fibularis tertius as it is a portion of the extensor digitorum longus; not always identifiable

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46
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are innervated by what

A

branches of the deep fibular n.

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47
Q

the superficial and deep fibular nn. arise from what nerve

A

common fibular n. in the lateral compartment of the leg

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48
Q

the superficial fibular n. remains in the ___ compartment while the deep fibular n. passes into the ____ compartment

A

lateral; anterior

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49
Q

the anterior tibial artery is a terminal branch of what artery

A

popliteal a.

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50
Q

where does the anterior tibial artery branch from the popliteal a. at?

A

at the lower border of the popliteus m and it passes forward through the opening in the superior aspect of the interosseus membrane between the tibia and fibula

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51
Q

membrane between the tibia and fibula

A

interosseus membrane

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52
Q

the anterior tibial artery contributes to the arterial anastomosis around what through what branch

A

around the knee through the anterior tibial recurrent branch

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53
Q

the anterior tibial a. continues on the dorsum of the foot as what artery

A

dorsalis pedia a.

54
Q

cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of foot: area of skin between the great and second toe

A

deep fibular nerve

55
Q

cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot: medial aspect

A

superficial fibular n.

56
Q

cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of foot: lateral aspect

A

sural nerve

57
Q

the tendons of the muscles from the anterior compartment of the left are kept from bowstringing on the dorsum of the foot by two thickenings of the anterior cural fascia called what?

A

extensor retinacula: superior and inferior

58
Q

the super extensor retinaculum is what shape

A

band-shaped

59
Q

the inferior extensor retinaculum is what shape

A

Y-shaped

60
Q

extensor digitorum brevis m. innervation

A

deep fibular n.

61
Q

attachments of the extensor digitorum brevis m.

A

arises from the calcaneus and gives off 3 tendons to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes- each joined by a tendon of the extensor digitorum longus

62
Q

does the 5th toe receive a tendon from the extensor digitorum brevis m?

A

no

63
Q

the most medial muscle belly on the dorsum of the foot is the ___ muscle that passes to the great toe

A

extensor hallucis brevis m.

64
Q

the tendon of the tibialis anterior passes medially on the dorsum of the foot and what is its action

A

dorsiflexion and inversion

65
Q

tendon of the extensor hallucis longus passes to the great toe and what is the action

A

extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the ankle

66
Q

the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus passes to the lateral four toees and what is the action

A

extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot (ankle)

67
Q

the tendon of the fibularis tertius extends to the ___ ___

A

5th metatarsal

68
Q

what is the action of the tendon of the fibularis tertius

A

dorsiflexes and everts the foot

69
Q

although the fibularis tertius is formed as a portion of the extensor digitorum longus, it does or does not extend into a digit

A

DOES NOT

70
Q

how do the deep fibular n. and anterior tibial a. enter the dorsum of the foot

A

under the inferior retinaculum lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallicus longus

71
Q

the anterior tibial a. becomes the ___ ___ artery upon entering the dorsum of foot

A

dorsalis pedis a.

72
Q

the dorsalis pedis a. gives off an ____ artery from which branches to each toe arise

A

arcuate artery

73
Q

after giving off arcuate arteries, the dorsalis pedis a. goes where

A

penetrates the floor to anastomose with the plantar arch on the sole of the foot

74
Q

the lateral compartment of the leg contains what two muscles

A

the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

75
Q

the lateral compartment of the left contains what nerve

A

superficial fibular n.

76
Q

arterial supply of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

branches of the fibular artery that is not contained within the compartment

77
Q

the tendon of fibularis longus passes where

A

posterior to the lateral malleolus to insert on the medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal

78
Q

which muscles lies deep to the fibularis longus

A

fibularis brevis

79
Q

the fibularis brevis tendon passes where

A

posterior to the lateral malleolus to insert on the base of the 5th metatarsal bone

80
Q

the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis are innervated by what nerve

A

superficial fibular n. that arose from the common fibular n. and terminates on the dorsum of the foot

81
Q

action of the fibularis longus and brevis

A

evertors of the foot as well as weak plantar flexors

82
Q

which compartment of the leg is the largest

A

posterior compartment

83
Q

what two groups of muscles does the posterior compartment of the leg contain

A

superficial group and deep group

84
Q

action of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of leg

A

powerful plantar flexors

85
Q

action of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

long flexors of the digits and the tibialis posterior muscle

86
Q

what n. and a. run through the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

87
Q

what muscles comprise the superficial posterior muscle group

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
88
Q

the gastrocnemius muscle has ___ ___

A

two bellies

89
Q

the gastrocnemius muscle arises from where

A

the posterior surface of the femur just above the femoral condyles

90
Q

the bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle unite to form what

A

tendocalcaneus

91
Q

what muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius m.

A

soleus m.

92
Q

the soleus m. has a tendon that joins where

A

the posterior surface of the tendocalcaneus

93
Q

the ____ muscle is a vestigal muscle with a short belly and long thin tendon (like palmaris longus in the forearm)

A

plantaris

94
Q

where does the plantaris muscle arise from

A

arises close to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and descends obliquely between it and the soleus to insert with the tendocalcaneus

95
Q

the ___ and ___ muscles are powerful plantar flexors of the foot

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

96
Q

the superficial group of the posterior compartment is innervated by what n.

A

tibial n.

97
Q

muscles of the deep posterior muscle group

A

flexor halluscis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

98
Q

the muscles of the deep posterior muscle group all have tendoms that pass where

A

posterior to the medial malleolus in this order: Tom, Dick and Harry

99
Q

Action of the tibialis posterior

A

plantar flexes and inverts the foot

100
Q

popliteus muscle location

A

floor of the popliteal fossa

101
Q

function of the popliteus m.

A

laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia to unlock the knee in position

102
Q

the deep posterior muscle group and the popliteus m. are innervated by what n.

A

tibial n.

103
Q

where does the tibial n. enter the posterior deep compartment

A

between the two heads of the gastrocnemius m.

104
Q

the tibial n. passes deep to what muscle

A

soleus muscle

105
Q

at the ankle, the tibial nerve divides into what divisions

A

lateral and medial plantar nerves

106
Q

where is the flexor retinaculum in the lower limb

A

medial aspect of ankle

107
Q

the posterior tibial a. arises from what artery along with what other artery

A

popliteal a. along with the anterior tibial a. at the lower border of the popliteus m.

108
Q

what is the largest branch of the posterior tibial a.

A

the fibular a.

109
Q

where does the fibular a. pass

A

passes lateral behind the fibula and terminates at the lateral malleolus by dividing into calcaneal and lateral malleolar branches

110
Q

at the medial malleolus, the posterior tibial a. terminates by dividing into the ____ and ___ aa.

A

lateral and medial plantar aa.

111
Q

the thick skin of the foot is anchored to what

A

underlying plantar aponeurosis

112
Q

what is plantar aponeurosis

A

a strong fibrous layer extending from the calcaneal tuberosities to the bases of the toes

113
Q

although the plantar aponeurosis is perforated by cutaneous branches of nerves, the important nerves and vessels lie where in relation to this sheet?

A

they lie deep to this protective sheet

114
Q

how many layers of muscle in the foot

A

four

115
Q

first layer of muscles in the foot that are superficial, how many and what are they?

A

3; abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi

116
Q

action of abductor hallucis

A

abducts great toe

117
Q

function of flexor digitorum brevis

A

short flexor of the 4 lateral toes

118
Q

function of the digiti minimi

A

abducts little toe

119
Q

second layer of muscles consist of what

A

qaudratus plantae
lumbricals
tendons of the long flexor mm.

120
Q

located just under the first layer of the medial and lateral plantar nn. aree formed by the division of what nerve under the flexor retinaculum

A

tibial n,

121
Q

the medial plantar n. supplies what

A

the medial 3.5 toes

122
Q

the lateral plantar n. divides into superficial and deep br. and the superficial branch supplies what

A

the lateral 1.5 toes

123
Q

the nerves in the second layer are accompanied by what

A

branches of the posterior tibial a., the medial and lateral plantar aa.

124
Q

the medial plantar a. passes where

A

forward to terminate in the great toe

125
Q

the lateral plantar a. passes where

A

medially deep to the oblique head of the adductor hallucis to anastomose with the dorsalis pedis a. to complete the plantar arch

126
Q

the third layer consists of what muscles

A

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis with a transverse head and obllque head
flexor digiti minimi brevis

127
Q

fourth layer of muscles of the foot

A

compries 4 dorsal and 3 plantar interossei

128
Q

all intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot are supplied by what nerves

A

medial and lateral plantar nn.

129
Q

medial plantar n. supplies what muscles specifically

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • 1st lumbrical
130
Q

lateral plantar n. supplies what muscles of the sole of foot

A
  • quadratus plantae
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • interossei
  • adductor hallucis
  • lateral 3 lumbricals

ANA (17 decks)

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