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ANA > Abdomen part 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What lies between the parietal peritoneum and the muscles of the abdomen and pelvic walls?

A

a continues layer of fascia, has different names based on the region that it is in

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2
Q

Where is the fascia transversalis

A

located on the anterolateral body wall

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3
Q

where is the diaphragmatic fascia

A

in between the diaphragm and parietal peritoneum of the abdomen

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4
Q

where is the quadratus loborum fascia

A

on the posterior body wall

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5
Q

where is the pelvic fascia

A

extends down from the parietal peritoneum to cover the contents of the pelvic region

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6
Q

where is the fascia iliaca

A

located in front of the pubic symphysis

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7
Q

What lies within the abdomino-pelvic fascia?

A

abdominal blood and lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

What does NOT lie within the abdomino-pelvic fascia?

A

nerves

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9
Q

Transversalis fascia forms what below the anterior superior illiac spine?

A

forms the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis with the peritoneum

(below the arcuate line)

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10
Q

Transversalis fascia also forms what in the inguinal region?

A

the deep inguinal ring

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11
Q

Transversalis fascia contributes to what fascial layer of the spermatic cord?

A

internal spermatic fascia

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12
Q

What is peritoneum made of

A

a single layer of mesothelial cells (squamous epithelium) that secrete a small amount of peritoneal fluid

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13
Q

the peritoneum lines the body wall is called what

A

the parietal peritoneum

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14
Q

Is the parietal peritoneum sensitive? Why or why not?

A

Yes! very sensitive due to innervation from the phrenic nerve and thoracoabdominal (segmental ventral rami) nerves

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15
Q

What is the peritoneum that is reflected over the surface of viscera?

A

visceral peritoneum

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16
Q

Is the visceral peritoneum senstive? why or why not?

A

no; it is not innervated by nerves

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17
Q

What does it mean to be retroperitoneal?

A

organs held against the posterior abdominal wall behind the peritoneum

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18
Q

functions of peritoneum

A
  • reduces friction to facilitate free movement
  • resists infection by exuding fluid and cells to fight off infection
  • stores fat
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19
Q

Peritoneum is arranged into what types?

A

mesentary, mesocolon, ligaments, folds, omentum, recess

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20
Q

What is the mesentary peritoneum

A

double layer of peritoneum enclosing an organ and connects it to the abdominal body wall

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21
Q

What is mesocolon peritoneum

A

it is a mesentery of the colon

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22
Q

what are peritoneum formed ligaments?

A

double layer connecting an organ with another or the abdominal wall

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23
Q

what are peritoneum formed folds?

A

peritoneal reflection with a definitive-often sharp- border due to vessels within it

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24
Q

what is the omentum peritoneum

A

layered sheet of peritoneum, probably like 4 layers; ie. greater omentum and lesser omentum

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25
Q

what is the recess peritoneum

A

peritoneal fold forming a blind pouch that open into the peritoneal cavity

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26
Q

what forms the greater sac?

A

it is a peritoneal sac formed by the greater portion of the abdominal cavity

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27
Q

what is the lesser sac

A

it is a peritoneal sac that is a smaller compartment formed posterior to the stomach by a pouch-like evagination of the dorsal mesentery of the stomach

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28
Q

where does the lesser sac extend down to?

A

into the greater omentum

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29
Q

how do the lesser omentum and greater omentum communicate?

A

epiploic foramen; looks like a tiny whole in between the two sacs on a cross section

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30
Q

What should you have in the parietal cavities?

A

just the right amount of serous fluid

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31
Q

What are the peritoneal folds of the abdomen?

A

on the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, there are a series of peritoneum-covered structures that give the impression of being a fold in the peritoneum

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32
Q

Where are these peritoneal folds in reference to the umbilicus?

A

5 below the umbilicus (three extending to the umbilicus), and one above the. umbilicus

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33
Q

What fold is found superior to the umbilicus?

A

falciform ligament

34
Q

The falciform ligament contains what?

A

ligamentum teres hepatis in its free edge (edge no bound to abdomen)

35
Q

what was the ligamentum teres hepatis in utero

A

umbilical vein (now obliterated umbilical vein)

-brought O2 right blood in umbilical cord up to umbilical vein and there was no need to send it to the lungs- bypasses pulmonary system via foramen ovale and ductus arteriosis

36
Q

What folds are found inferior to the umbilicus?

A
  • 1 median umbilical fold
  • 2 medial umbilical folds
  • 2 lateral umbilical folds
37
Q

what is the median umbilical fold

A

it was the peritoneum covered urachus

38
Q

What is the fetal urachus

A

pathway for fetal urine

39
Q

what are the medial umbilical folds?

A

the peritoneal-covered obliterated umbilical arteries

40
Q

what are the lateral umbilical folds

A

are the peritoneum covered inferior episgastric a. and v.

-we still have these

41
Q

peritoneal compartments can be ____ or ____

A

supracolic or infracolic

42
Q

what does supracolic mean?

A

above the transverse colon, anterior to the greater omentum, limited superiorly by the inferior aspect of diaphragm
-difficult to see so you can palpate the various organs

43
Q

what are the muscles of the supracolic compartment

A

-last 1/2 of the esophagus
-stomach
-1st part of duodenum
-liver
gall bladder
-spleen

44
Q

What does the falciform ligament do in regard to the surface of the liver?

A

it prevents passing right to left across anterior surface of liver (appears to be going straight through middle of liver)

45
Q

when the body is in supine position, infected peritoneal fluid will accumulate where

A
  • pelvis
  • sub-hepatic space
  • sub-phrenic space
46
Q

the left subhepatic space is also the what

A

the lesser sac

47
Q

in the falciform ligament on the liver, what is present on inferior surface of liver?

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

48
Q

what must you reflect to see the infracolic peritoneal compartment

A

reflect the greater omentum superiorly over the costal margin

49
Q

laterally, on either side of the abdominal cavity, there is a ___ gutter

A

paracolic

50
Q

the right paracolic gutter communicates with what

A

the supracolic compartment- in particular the right subhepatic space

51
Q

the left paracolic gutter is limited superiorly by what

A

a peritoneal fold between the diaphragm and the left colic flexure called the phrenicocolic ligament

52
Q

reminder: look at page 190 of notes to see placement of the spaces and gutters

A
53
Q

location of greater omentum

A

sheet-like peritoneal fold hanging from the greater curvature of the stomach down in front of the transverse colon to which it is attached

54
Q

greater omentum is composed of what 3 fused ligaments

A
  • gastrocolic ligament (on same side as liver)
  • gastrosplenic ligament (next the spleen)
  • gastrophrenic (lateral portion of the left side where phrenic nerve inserts in to diaphragm)
55
Q

the lesser omentum connects what

A

the lesser curvature and first part of the duodenum to the liver

56
Q

what. is under the free edge of the lesser omentum

A

epiploic foramen

57
Q

in the free edge of the lesser omentum runs the what

A

portal triad

58
Q

portal triad is made up of what

A

-common bile duct
-portal vein
-hepatic artery
(from lateral to medial)

59
Q

the lesser omentum is compased of two fused ligaments:

A
  • hepatogastric ligament

- hepatoduodenal ligament

60
Q

Which vein is responsible for returning nutrients from the gut to the liver?

A

Hepatic portal vein

61
Q

The esophagus passes into the abdomen via what structure

A

through the muscular part of the diaphragm (left of the midline surrounded by a loop of muscle fibers from the right crus)

62
Q

What vertebral level does the esophagus pass into the abdomen?

A

T9-10

63
Q

What two things accompany the esophagus into the abdomen?

A

the anterior and posterior vagal trunks

64
Q

the esophagus joins the cardiac region of the stomach at what junction?

A

gastroesophageal junction

65
Q

Why is the last inch of the esophageal physiologically important?

A

because it comprises the functional sphincter called the cardiac sphincter- this is not an anatomical sphincter at this junction

-not considered an anatomical sphincter because there is not a defined ring of smooth muscle there

66
Q

What is it called when the cardiac portion of the stomach moves up into the thorax?

A

hiatal hernia

67
Q

left vagal trunk goes anterior or posterior in reference to the esophagus passing into the abdomen

A

anterior

68
Q

right vagal trunk goes anterior or posterior in reference to the esophagus passing into the abdomen

A

posterior

69
Q

In tall people, the stomach is often what shape

A

J-shaped

70
Q

In shorter people, the stomach is often what shape

A

steer horn configuration

71
Q

Shape of the stomach ultimately depends on what

A

the degree to which it is filled

72
Q

the stomach is covered by what

A

peritoneum (serosa)

73
Q

the peritoneum/serosa of the stomach continues out into what

A

the greater and lesser omenta from the greater and lesser curvatures

74
Q

What are rugae?

A

ridges in the stomach, food churns against these ridges to be mechanically broken down

75
Q

why does the inside of the stomach have a mucosal lining

A

need adapted mucosal lining to protect stomach wall from acid

76
Q

what happens if your stomach wall is not protected by mucosal lining

A

ulcer

77
Q

the gastroesophogeal and gastrodudenal junctions are relatively _____

A

fixed by piercing the diaphragm and the duodenum passing retroperitoneally

78
Q

structures with an anterior/superior relationship to the stomach

A
  • anterior abdominal wall
  • left costal margin
  • diaphragm
79
Q

organ to the left of the stomach

A

spleen

80
Q

structures to the right of the stomach

A

quadrate and left lobes of the liver

81
Q

structures with a posterior relationship to the stomach

A

diaphragm, left suprarenal gland, upper pole of left kidney, pancreas, left colic flexure

82
Q

Even though the structures posterior to the stomach have a direct relationship with it, they are still separated by what?

A

peritoneum

ANA (17 decks)

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