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ANA > Cranial nerves- lecture 3 > Flashcards

Cranial nerves- lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

typical spinal nerves contain what fibers

A

motor, sensory and post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers

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2
Q

the brain stem is a site for numerous ____ ____

A

parasympathetic nuclei

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3
Q

cranial nerves arise from ___ ___ and do not contain _____

A

brainstem and do not contain sympathetic fibers

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4
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

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5
Q

which two cranial nerves are not considered to be true nerves, but are instead consider ____

A

CN I and II, are considered tracts

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6
Q

how are cranial nerves numbered?

A

sequentially according to their origin cephalocaudally, CN I is the most cephalic and CN XII is the most caudal

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7
Q

the site where the cranial nerve attaches to the brain stem is known as the ___ ____

A

superficial origin

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8
Q

the more deeply situated group of neurons from which the fibers arise from is called the ___ ___

A

deep origin (motor nucleus) or deep termination (sensory nucleus)

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9
Q

what is the other name for CN I

A

olfactory nerve

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10
Q

where does CN I leave from?

A

through the cribriform of the ethmoid

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11
Q

what fibers does CN I contain

A

special sense of smell (olfaction)

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12
Q

what is the other name for CN II

A

optic n.

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13
Q

what does CN II leave through

A

optic canal

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14
Q

what fibers does CN II contain

A

special sense of sight (vision)

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15
Q

what is the other name for CN III

A

oculomotor n.

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16
Q

what does CN III leave through

A

superior orbital fissure (SOF)

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17
Q

what fibers does CN III contain

A
  • motor to selected extraocular muscles: levator palpebrae, superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique
  • parasympathetic to ciliary and sphincter pupillae muscles via the ciliary ganglion
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18
Q

what is the other name for CN IV

A

trochlear n.

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19
Q

what does CN IV leave through

A

SOF

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20
Q

what fibers does CN IV contain

A

motor to superior oblique extraocular muscle

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21
Q

what is the other name for CN V

A

trigeminal

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22
Q

what is different about CN V compared to the other nerves

A

it has 3 divisions, V1, V2, V3

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23
Q

what does CN V leave through

A

V1- SOF
V2- Foramen rotundum
V3- foramen ovale

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24
Q

what fibers does CN V contain

A

V1- sensory to the orbit and forehead

V2-sensory to the upper jaw and region

V3-sensory to the lower jaw and region; anterior 2/3 of the tongue (general sensation) and motor to the muscles of mastication, tensor palati, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid

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25
Q

what is the other name for CN VI

A

Abducens n.

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26
Q

what does CN VI leave through

A

SOF

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27
Q

what fibers does CN V1 contain

A

motor to the lateral rectus extraocular muscle

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28
Q

what is the other name for CN VII

A

facial n.

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29
Q

what does CN VII leave through

A

internal auditory meatus–>intraosseos pathway–>stylomastoid foramen

30
Q

what fibers does CN VII contain? these are the fibers in the actual facial n, not its branches

A
  • motor to muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius
  • special sense of taste fibers to anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • parasympathetic to sublingual and submandibular glands via submandibular ganglion; parasympathetic to lacrimal gland via pterygopalatine ganglion
  • sensory sensation from the skin of the external auditory meatus
31
Q

what is the other name for CN VIII

A

vestibulochochlear n.

32
Q

what does it CN VIII leave through

A

internal auditory meatus

33
Q

what fibers does CN VIII contain

A

special senses of hearing, balance, and acceleration

34
Q

what is the other name for CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal n.

35
Q

what does CN IX leave through

A

jugular foramen

36
Q

what fibers does CN IX contain

A
  • motor to stylopharyngeus m.
  • sensation from the external ear, sensation from carotid sinus/body, pharynx, and middle ear
  • parasympathetic to parotid gland via otic ganglion
  • special sense of taste posterior 1/3 of tongue
37
Q

what is the other name for CN X

A

vagus n.

38
Q

what does CN X leave through

A

jugular foramen

39
Q

what fibers does CN X contain

A
  • parasympathetic to thorax and abdomen
  • motor to pharynx, larynx, soft palate (except for tensor palati), upper 2/3 of esophagus
  • visceral sensation (sensory) from larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, digestive tract up to mid transverse colon
  • special sense of taste from epiglottis and palate
  • general sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus
40
Q

what is the other name for CN XI

A

accessory n.

41
Q

what does CN XI leave through

A

jugular foramen

42
Q

what fibers does CN XI contain

A

motor to the SCM and trapezius m.

43
Q

what is the other name for CN XII

A

hypoglossal n.

44
Q

what does CN XII leave through

A

hypoglossal canal

45
Q

what fibers does CN XII contain

A

motor to muscles of the tongue (except for palatoglossus)

46
Q

all autonomic ganglia in the head are ____

A

parasympathetic (COPS)

47
Q

what are the parasympathetic ganglia of the head

A
  • ciliary
  • pterygopalatine
  • submandibular
  • otic
48
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach their target ganglia via branches of ___ ___ ___

A

CN III, CN VII, or CN IX

49
Q

post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach their end organs by hitch-hikinh along branches of ____

A

CN V- the different divisions

50
Q

preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise in ____

A

T1-T4

51
Q

post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers arise from the _____ and reach their target end organs how

A

superior cervical ganglion and reach their target organs via branches of the internal and external carotid aa.

52
Q

CN III goes to which ganglion? which then goes where to do what?

A

ciliary ganglion, which then synapses on the postganglionic fiber and it hitches a ride on V1 to go to the orbit and constrict the pupil

53
Q

a post ganglionic fiber goes through the ciliary ganglion to do what

A

to dilate the pupil

54
Q

CN VII goes to which ganglion to do what

A

goes to two ganglions, pterygopalantine and submandibular

  • synapses on postganglionic fibers, hitches a ride on V2 and V3 respectively
  • fiber from pterygopalantine goes to lacrimal gland and palate
  • fiber from submandibular goes to sublingual gland, submandibular gland and floor of mouth
55
Q

a postganglionic sympathetic fiber goes through the pterygopalantine ganglion to get where

A

lacrimal gland and palate

56
Q

what ganglion does CN IX go to and what does it do

A

goes to the otic ganglion, synapses on postganglionic fiber, hitches a ride on V3, and goes to parotid gland and vestibule of the mouth

-parotid gland is the salivary gland that is activated when you are chewing something tough

57
Q

CN 1 is purely sensory for what

A

smell

58
Q

what comprises the actual CN I nerve

A

axons from bipolar neurons of the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity

59
Q

the axons that form the olfactory n. pass from the nasal cavity up into the cranial cavity through holes in the ____________

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, located on either side of the crista galli

60
Q

the axons of the olfactory nerve pass through the cribriform plate in groups called what

A

filia olfactoria

61
Q

what do the filia olfactoria enter

A

the olfactory bulb that lies just above the perforated cribriform plate

62
Q

what is it called when you lose your sense of smell and what is the most common way for this to happen

A

anosmia; nerve is most easily torn in trauma and CSF will drip from the nose

63
Q

what nerve is purely sensory for vision and where does it extend

A

optic nerve and it is really a brain tract that extends from the eye through the optic canal to form the optic chiasm

64
Q

what is the purpose of the optic chiasm

A

the union allows the excitatory stimuli from one retina to pass to the opposite side of the brain for interpretation

65
Q

what does the optic nerve pass through?

A

optic foramen, it is the only nerve that doesn’t use the SOF to get into the orbit

66
Q

what does the oculomotor nerve supply

A

all the extraocular mm. except for the lateral rectus (LR6) and the superior oblique (SO4)

remember clue: (LR6SO4)^3, means that the rest of the extraocular muscles are supplied by CN III but LR is supplied by CN VI and SO is supplied by CN IV

67
Q

parasympathetic supply of CN III

A

it supplies the sphincter pupillae and ciliary mm. via the ciliary ganglion

68
Q

sympathetic innervation to the sphincter pupillae and ciliary mm.

A

reaches these targets by hitch hiking along the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal (CN V1)- specifically the nasociliary n.

69
Q

the superior division of CN III supplies what muscles

A

superior rectus and levator palpebrae mm.

70
Q

the inferior division of CN III supplies what muscles

A

medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique mm.

71
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel in the ____ ____ of CN III and then pass to the ciliary ganglion

A

inferior division of CN III

72
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers travel directly to the eye via the ___ ___ nerve or to the nasocilary branch of V1 and then into the ___ ___ nn.

A

short ciliary nn; long ciliary nn.

ANA (17 decks)

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