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ANA > Genitalia > Flashcards

Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

location of the perineum

A

region that lies inferior to pelvic floor

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2
Q

location of the external genitalia

A

within the urogenital triangle of the perineum

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3
Q

deep structures of the genitalia

A

spongy erectile tissue and cavernous erectile tissue and glands

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4
Q

the erectile tissues of the male and female are very similar but what separates them?

A

during development the morphology and placement of the erectile tissue changes/differs between male and female

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5
Q

what are the superficial structures of the external genitalia

A

skin and fascia

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6
Q

function of the superficial structures of the genitalia

A

support and protect the deep structures

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7
Q

what is the root of the penis

A

the proximal portion of the penis located in the superficial pouch and the 3 masses of erectile tissue that are divided

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8
Q

what are the crus of the penis

A

cylindrical masses of cavernous erectile tissue that are attached to the ischiopubic ramus

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9
Q

what is the bulb of the penis

A

comprised of a single mass of spongey erectile tissue that is positioned on midline

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10
Q

what structures make up the root of the penis

A
  1. crus of penis

2. bulb of penis

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11
Q

each crus of the penis is covered by what

A

ischiocavernosus muscle

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12
Q

the bulb of the penis is covered by what

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

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13
Q

location of the superficial transverse perineal muscle

A

posterior edge of the perineal membrane

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14
Q

what muscles attach to the perineal body

A
  • superficial transverse perineal muscle
  • bulbospongiosus muscle
  • external anal sphincter
  • levator ani muscle
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15
Q

all of the muscles attached to the perineal body are innervated by what

A

branches of the pudendal nerve

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16
Q

what is the body (shaft) of the penis

A

the distal, pendulous, portion of the penis where the 3 masses of erectile tissue are bound together

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17
Q

what is the glans penis

A

distal enlargement of the corpus spongiosum

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18
Q

the glans penis is covered by what before circumcision

A

prepuce (foreskin)

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19
Q

what is the navicular fossa

A

the dilated end of the urethra in the glans penis

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20
Q

what innervates the skin of the glans penis

A

dorsal penile n.

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21
Q

the dorsal penile n. is a branch off what nerve

A

pudendal nerve

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22
Q

what are the root levels of the pudendal nerve

A

S2, S3, S4

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23
Q

the penis is formed by how many cylindrical masses of erectile tissue

A

3

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24
Q

what erectile tissue makes up the lateral masses of erectile tissue of penis

A

corpus cavernosa

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25
Q

during erection, the corpus cavernosa tissue fills with what

A

blood

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26
Q

what is the median mass of tissue of the penis

A

corpus spongiosum

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27
Q

what is the spongey urethra

A

the erectile tissue completely surrounds this portion of the urethra

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28
Q

the corpus cavernosa are covered by a tough connective tissue capsule called the _____

A

tunica albuginea

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29
Q

function of the tunica albuginea of the penis

A

aids in structural support during erection

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30
Q

all 3 cylindrical masses are covered by a deep connective tissue layer typically referred to as _____

A

Buck’s fascia

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31
Q

function of Buck’s fascia

A

binds erectile tissues together

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32
Q

arterial supply of the penis

A

branches of the internal pudendal artery

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33
Q

venous return of the penis

A
  1. superficial dorsal penile vein that drains the skin
  2. deep dorsal vein that drains the erectile tissue
    - –prostatic venous plexus located around prostate
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34
Q

the cross section of the penis looks like a ___ ___

A

monkey face

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35
Q

what shape are the testis

A

oval shaped

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36
Q

the testis are suspended in the scrotum by what

A

the spermatic cord

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37
Q

the anterior and lateral surface of the testis are covered by the ____ ____

A

tunica vaginalis

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38
Q

visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis is intimately associated with the ___ ___

A

tunica albuginea

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39
Q

parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis ies immediately deep to the ____ ____ ____

A

internal spermatic fascia

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40
Q

the cavity between the visceral and parietal layers allows for what

A

some movement of the testis

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41
Q

what are the support structures of the testis

A
  1. tunica albuginea
  2. septa
  3. mediastinum testis
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42
Q

what is the tunica albuginea of the testis

A

a dense fibrous layer deep to the visceral tunica

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43
Q

what is the septa of the testis

A

extensions of tunica albuginea that connect to the mediastinum testis

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44
Q

the septa divide the testis into ___

A

lobules

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45
Q

what is the mediastinum testis

A

knot of connective tissue on the posterior aspect of the testis

46
Q

what are the rete testis

A

spaces within the mediastinum testis

47
Q

sperm pathway through the testis

A

seminiferous tubules—>straight tubules—>rete testis—>efferent ductules—>epididymis—>ductus deferens—>spermatic cord

48
Q

what are the seminiferous tubules

A

coiled tubules that produce the spermatozoa

49
Q

what are the straight tubules

A

connect the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

50
Q

what are the efferent ductules

A

connect the rete testis to the head of the epididymis

51
Q

what is the epididymus

A

divided into heady, body and tail

-tail is continuous with ductus deferens and passes up along posterior aspect of testis into spermatic cord

52
Q

arterial supply of the testis

A

testicular artery

53
Q

the testicular artery arises from what

A

the abdominal aorta (in spermatic cord)

54
Q

venous supply of the testis

A

pampiniform plexus of veins

55
Q

what is the pampiniform plexus of veins

A

veins from the testis carry cooler blood surround the testicular artery as it descends into the testes; this structure returns blood to the IVC and contributes to the cooling of the testis

56
Q

what contributes to the cooling of testis

A

pampiniform plexus of veins (in spermatic cord)

57
Q

lymphatic drainage of the testis

A

follows its venous return to aortic visceral nodes in the abdomen (in spermatic cord)

58
Q

innervation of the testes

A

autonomic plexus of the abdomen follow the blood vessels within the spermatic cord to innervate the testes

59
Q

the testes are covered by a layered organization of tissue that helps to do what

A

support and maintain testicular temperature at 95F

60
Q

what are the 3 ways to regulate temperature of the testis

A
  • cremasteric fascia
  • testicular artery and vein
  • superficial dartos muscle
61
Q

the scrotum is comprised of what two structures

A
  1. skin- thin and relatively hairless

2. dartos fascia

62
Q

what does the dartos fascia have interspersed within it

A

smooth muscle fibers collectively called the superficial dartos muscle

63
Q

superficial dartos muscle action

A

contracts and wrinkles the overlying skin thus pulling the testes closer to the body, or it relaxes to allow the testes to hang further from the body wall (regulating temp)

64
Q

what is the external spermatic fascia

A

continuation of aponuerosis of external abdominal oblique

65
Q

what is the cremasteric fascia

A

continuation of internal abdominal oblique

66
Q

what is the internal spermatic fascia

A

continuation of transversalis fascia

67
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis

A

peritoneum that descended with the testis parietal portion and visceral portion

68
Q

blood supply and innervation of the scrotum

A

anterior and posterior scrotal arteries that are terminal branches of the internal and external pudendal arteries

69
Q

arterial supply to external genitalia

A

branches of the internal pudendal artery

70
Q

venous return of the external genitalia

A
  1. skin and muscles of the external genitalia drain via superficial dorsal penile vein to branches of the pudendal vein
  2. deep structures like erectile tissue drain via deep dorsal vein of penis to the prostatic venous plexus to the IVC
71
Q

exception of the blood supply to the external genitalia?

A

the testicles

72
Q

testes are supplied by ___ and ___ ___ arteries

A

left and right testicular arteries

73
Q

testes are drained by what

A
  1. right testicular vein to the IVC

2. left testicular vein to the left renal vein to the IVC

74
Q

external genitalia of the female is collectively called what

A

the vulva

75
Q

what is the mons pubis

A

rounded fatty eminence anterior to the pubic symphysis covered with hair

76
Q

what are the labia majora

A

two raised skin folds that pass from anterior to posterior from the mons pubis that are covered with hair

77
Q

what are the labia minora

A

hairless folds of skin just inside the labia majora

78
Q

anteriorly the labia minor divides to support and protect the ___

A

clitoris

79
Q

upper fold of the labia minor is called

A

prepuce

80
Q

lower fold of the labia minor is called

A

frenulum of the clitoris

81
Q

posteriorly the labia minora merges with the other side as the _______

A

posterior frenulum of the labia minor

82
Q

what is the vestibule of the vagina

A

space guarded by the labia minora

83
Q

structures with the vestibule of the vagina

A
  • external urethral orifice

- vaginal orifice

84
Q

what are the crura of the clitoris

A

cylindrical masses of cavernous erectile tissue that are attached to the left and right ischiopubic rami

85
Q

what forms to the body of the clitoris

A

the left and right crus come together at the anterior midline, turn forward about 90 degrees, and extend slightly

86
Q

after the turn of the crura, it is renamed the what ____

A

body of the clitoris

87
Q

the body of the clitoris is connected to the ___ ___

A

glans clitoris

88
Q

what is the glans clitoris

A

comprised of spongy erectile tissue it is connected to and supported by the body of the clitoris

89
Q

what are the vestibular bulbs

A

two masses of spongy erectile tissue that lie in the wall of the vestibule of the vagina on either side of the opening of the vagina

90
Q

robust sensory innervation of the glans clitoris

A

branches of the pudendal nerve (dorsal nerve of the clitoris)

91
Q

the glans clitoris is protected and supported by parts of the labia minora: above ____ and below: ____

A

above: prepuce
below: frenulum

92
Q

what are the vestibular glands (bartholin glands)

A

not erectile tissue, they like below the bulbs and have ducts that open onto the surface of the labia minora

93
Q

each crus of the clitoris is covered by an ___

A

ischiocavernosus muscle

94
Q

each bulb of the vestibule is covered by ___

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

95
Q

superficial transverse perineal muscle is positioned on the ___ edge of the ___ membrane

A

posterior edge of the perineal membrane

96
Q

all attachments to the perineal body in females

A
  • superficial transverse perineal m.
  • bulbospongiosus m.
  • external anal sphincter
  • levatori ani m.
97
Q

all of the muscles of the female genitalia are innervated by what

A

branches of the pudendal n.

98
Q

arterial supply of the external genitalia in females

A

branches of the internal pudendal artery

99
Q

venous return of the external genitalia in females

A
  1. skin and muscles of the external genitalia drain via the superficial dorsal vein of the clitoris to the pudendal veins
  2. deep structures like the erectile tissue drain via the deep dorsal vein of clitoris to the vesical venous plexus to the inferior vena cava
100
Q

pudendal n. has what fibers in it

A
  • somatic sensory
  • somatic motor
  • postganglionic sympathetic
101
Q

pelvic splanchnic n. from S2, S3, S4 joint what plexus

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

102
Q

fibers the control erection synapse on displaced ____ ____ within the inferior hypogastric plexus in the region of the prostate

A

intramural ganglia

103
Q

______ fibers follow the prostatic venous plexus and then the deep dorsal penile vein to reach the erectile tissue

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

104
Q

a lesion to any of the nerves or venous structures will result in difficulty in doing what

A

getting and/or maintaining an erection

105
Q

the main somatic n. is a branch of the ___ ___

A

pudendal nerve (dorsal nerve of the penis)

106
Q

Erection involves the coordination of the ___ and ____ innervation

A

somatosensory and parasympathetic innervation

107
Q

what is the visceral reflex

A

parasympathetic activation causes vasodilation of arteries within erectile tissue and allows blood to fill the cavernous spaces

108
Q

what is the somatic reflex

A
  1. somatosensory stimulation of the glans penis contributes to maintenance of engorged erectile tissue by activating somatic motor outflow to muscles of the external genitalia (ischiocavernosus m. and bulbospongiosus m.)
  2. somatomotor innervation of muscles compresses veins to prevent blood from leaving erectile tissue
109
Q

sympathetic stimulation causes ___ ___

A

seminal emission

110
Q

spastic contractions of the ____ muscle occur during ejaculation (somatic)

A

bulbospopngiosis m.

111
Q

dr. franklin’s rhyme

Parasympathetic - ______
Sympathetic - _____

A

parasympathetic - point

sympathetic - shoot

ANA (17 decks)

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