Genitalia Flashcards
1
Q
location of the perineum
A
region that lies inferior to pelvic floor
2
Q
location of the external genitalia
A
within the urogenital triangle of the perineum
3
Q
deep structures of the genitalia
A
spongy erectile tissue and cavernous erectile tissue and glands
4
Q
the erectile tissues of the male and female are very similar but what separates them?
A
during development the morphology and placement of the erectile tissue changes/differs between male and female
5
Q
what are the superficial structures of the external genitalia
A
skin and fascia
6
Q
function of the superficial structures of the genitalia
A
support and protect the deep structures
7
Q
what is the root of the penis
A
the proximal portion of the penis located in the superficial pouch and the 3 masses of erectile tissue that are divided
8
Q
what are the crus of the penis
A
cylindrical masses of cavernous erectile tissue that are attached to the ischiopubic ramus
9
Q
what is the bulb of the penis
A
comprised of a single mass of spongey erectile tissue that is positioned on midline
10
Q
what structures make up the root of the penis
A
- crus of penis
2. bulb of penis
11
Q
each crus of the penis is covered by what
A
ischiocavernosus muscle
12
Q
the bulb of the penis is covered by what
A
bulbospongiosus muscle
13
Q
location of the superficial transverse perineal muscle
A
posterior edge of the perineal membrane
14
Q
what muscles attach to the perineal body
A
- superficial transverse perineal muscle
- bulbospongiosus muscle
- external anal sphincter
- levator ani muscle
15
Q
all of the muscles attached to the perineal body are innervated by what
A
branches of the pudendal nerve
16
Q
what is the body (shaft) of the penis
A
the distal, pendulous, portion of the penis where the 3 masses of erectile tissue are bound together
17
Q
what is the glans penis
A
distal enlargement of the corpus spongiosum
18
Q
the glans penis is covered by what before circumcision
A
prepuce (foreskin)
19
Q
what is the navicular fossa
A
the dilated end of the urethra in the glans penis
20
Q
what innervates the skin of the glans penis
A
dorsal penile n.
21
Q
the dorsal penile n. is a branch off what nerve
A
pudendal nerve
22
Q
what are the root levels of the pudendal nerve
A
S2, S3, S4
23
Q
the penis is formed by how many cylindrical masses of erectile tissue
A
3
24
Q
what erectile tissue makes up the lateral masses of erectile tissue of penis
A
corpus cavernosa
25
during erection, the corpus cavernosa tissue fills with what
blood
26
what is the median mass of tissue of the penis
corpus spongiosum
27
what is the spongey urethra
the erectile tissue completely surrounds this portion of the urethra
28
the corpus cavernosa are covered by a tough connective tissue capsule called the _____
tunica albuginea
29
function of the tunica albuginea of the penis
aids in structural support during erection
30
all 3 cylindrical masses are covered by a deep connective tissue layer typically referred to as _____
Buck's fascia
31
function of Buck's fascia
binds erectile tissues together
32
arterial supply of the penis
branches of the internal pudendal artery
33
venous return of the penis
1. superficial dorsal penile vein that drains the skin
2. deep dorsal vein that drains the erectile tissue
- --prostatic venous plexus located around prostate
34
the cross section of the penis looks like a ___ ___
monkey face
35
what shape are the testis
oval shaped
36
the testis are suspended in the scrotum by what
the spermatic cord
37
the anterior and lateral surface of the testis are covered by the ____ ____
tunica vaginalis
38
visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis is intimately associated with the ___ ___
tunica albuginea
39
parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis ies immediately deep to the ____ ____ ____
internal spermatic fascia
40
the cavity between the visceral and parietal layers allows for what
some movement of the testis
41
what are the support structures of the testis
1. tunica albuginea
2. septa
3. mediastinum testis
42
what is the tunica albuginea of the testis
a dense fibrous layer deep to the visceral tunica
43
what is the septa of the testis
extensions of tunica albuginea that connect to the mediastinum testis
44
the septa divide the testis into ___
lobules
45
what is the mediastinum testis
knot of connective tissue on the posterior aspect of the testis
46
what are the rete testis
spaces within the mediastinum testis
47
sperm pathway through the testis
seminiferous tubules--->straight tubules--->rete testis--->efferent ductules--->epididymis--->ductus deferens--->spermatic cord
48
what are the seminiferous tubules
coiled tubules that produce the spermatozoa
49
what are the straight tubules
connect the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis
50
what are the efferent ductules
connect the rete testis to the head of the epididymis
51
what is the epididymus
divided into heady, body and tail
| -tail is continuous with ductus deferens and passes up along posterior aspect of testis into spermatic cord
52
arterial supply of the testis
testicular artery
53
the testicular artery arises from what
the abdominal aorta (in spermatic cord)
54
venous supply of the testis
pampiniform plexus of veins
55
what is the pampiniform plexus of veins
veins from the testis carry cooler blood surround the testicular artery as it descends into the testes; this structure returns blood to the IVC and contributes to the cooling of the testis
56
what contributes to the cooling of testis
pampiniform plexus of veins (in spermatic cord)
57
lymphatic drainage of the testis
follows its venous return to aortic visceral nodes in the abdomen (in spermatic cord)
58
innervation of the testes
autonomic plexus of the abdomen follow the blood vessels within the spermatic cord to innervate the testes
59
the testes are covered by a layered organization of tissue that helps to do what
support and maintain testicular temperature at 95F
60
what are the 3 ways to regulate temperature of the testis
- cremasteric fascia
- testicular artery and vein
- superficial dartos muscle
61
the scrotum is comprised of what two structures
1. skin- thin and relatively hairless
| 2. dartos fascia
62
what does the dartos fascia have interspersed within it
smooth muscle fibers collectively called the superficial dartos muscle
63
superficial dartos muscle action
contracts and wrinkles the overlying skin thus pulling the testes closer to the body, or it relaxes to allow the testes to hang further from the body wall (regulating temp)
64
what is the external spermatic fascia
continuation of aponuerosis of external abdominal oblique
65
what is the cremasteric fascia
continuation of internal abdominal oblique
66
what is the internal spermatic fascia
continuation of transversalis fascia
67
what is the tunica vaginalis
peritoneum that descended with the testis parietal portion and visceral portion
68
blood supply and innervation of the scrotum
anterior and posterior scrotal arteries that are terminal branches of the internal and external pudendal arteries
69
arterial supply to external genitalia
branches of the internal pudendal artery
70
venous return of the external genitalia
1. skin and muscles of the external genitalia drain via superficial dorsal penile vein to branches of the pudendal vein
2. deep structures like erectile tissue drain via deep dorsal vein of penis to the prostatic venous plexus to the IVC
71
exception of the blood supply to the external genitalia?
the testicles
72
testes are supplied by ___ and ___ ___ arteries
left and right testicular arteries
73
testes are drained by what
1. right testicular vein to the IVC
| 2. left testicular vein to the left renal vein to the IVC
74
external genitalia of the female is collectively called what
the vulva
75
what is the mons pubis
rounded fatty eminence anterior to the pubic symphysis covered with hair
76
what are the labia majora
two raised skin folds that pass from anterior to posterior from the mons pubis that are covered with hair
77
what are the labia minora
hairless folds of skin just inside the labia majora
78
anteriorly the labia minor divides to support and protect the ___
clitoris
79
upper fold of the labia minor is called
prepuce
80
lower fold of the labia minor is called
frenulum of the clitoris
81
posteriorly the labia minora merges with the other side as the _______
posterior frenulum of the labia minor
82
what is the vestibule of the vagina
space guarded by the labia minora
83
structures with the vestibule of the vagina
- external urethral orifice
| - vaginal orifice
84
what are the crura of the clitoris
cylindrical masses of cavernous erectile tissue that are attached to the left and right ischiopubic rami
85
what forms to the body of the clitoris
the left and right crus come together at the anterior midline, turn forward about 90 degrees, and extend slightly
86
after the turn of the crura, it is renamed the what ____
body of the clitoris
87
the body of the clitoris is connected to the ___ ___
glans clitoris
88
what is the glans clitoris
comprised of spongy erectile tissue it is connected to and supported by the body of the clitoris
89
what are the vestibular bulbs
two masses of spongy erectile tissue that lie in the wall of the vestibule of the vagina on either side of the opening of the vagina
90
robust sensory innervation of the glans clitoris
branches of the pudendal nerve (dorsal nerve of the clitoris)
91
the glans clitoris is protected and supported by parts of the labia minora: above ____ and below: ____
above: prepuce
below: frenulum
92
what are the vestibular glands (bartholin glands)
not erectile tissue, they like below the bulbs and have ducts that open onto the surface of the labia minora
93
each crus of the clitoris is covered by an ___
ischiocavernosus muscle
94
each bulb of the vestibule is covered by ___
bulbospongiosus muscle
95
superficial transverse perineal muscle is positioned on the ___ edge of the ___ membrane
posterior edge of the perineal membrane
96
all attachments to the perineal body in females
- superficial transverse perineal m.
- bulbospongiosus m.
- external anal sphincter
- levatori ani m.
97
all of the muscles of the female genitalia are innervated by what
branches of the pudendal n.
98
arterial supply of the external genitalia in females
branches of the internal pudendal artery
99
venous return of the external genitalia in females
1. skin and muscles of the external genitalia drain via the superficial dorsal vein of the clitoris to the pudendal veins
2. deep structures like the erectile tissue drain via the deep dorsal vein of clitoris to the vesical venous plexus to the inferior vena cava
100
pudendal n. has what fibers in it
- somatic sensory
- somatic motor
- postganglionic sympathetic
101
pelvic splanchnic n. from S2, S3, S4 joint what plexus
inferior hypogastric plexus
102
fibers the control erection synapse on displaced ____ ____ within the inferior hypogastric plexus in the region of the prostate
intramural ganglia
103
______ fibers follow the prostatic venous plexus and then the deep dorsal penile vein to reach the erectile tissue
postganglionic sympathetic fibers
104
a lesion to any of the nerves or venous structures will result in difficulty in doing what
getting and/or maintaining an erection
105
the main somatic n. is a branch of the ___ ___
pudendal nerve (dorsal nerve of the penis)
106
Erection involves the coordination of the ___ and ____ innervation
somatosensory and parasympathetic innervation
107
what is the visceral reflex
parasympathetic activation causes vasodilation of arteries within erectile tissue and allows blood to fill the cavernous spaces
108
what is the somatic reflex
1. somatosensory stimulation of the glans penis contributes to maintenance of engorged erectile tissue by activating somatic motor outflow to muscles of the external genitalia (ischiocavernosus m. and bulbospongiosus m.)
2. somatomotor innervation of muscles compresses veins to prevent blood from leaving erectile tissue
109
sympathetic stimulation causes ___ ___
seminal emission
110
spastic contractions of the ____ muscle occur during ejaculation (somatic)
bulbospopngiosis m.
111
dr. franklin's rhyme
Parasympathetic - ______
Sympathetic - _____
parasympathetic - point
| sympathetic - shoot
